SQLite 语法

发布于 2015-07-25 11:38:49 | 333 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理

SQLite是遵循一套独特的称为语法的规则和准则。本教程提供了一个快速入门SQLite所有基本的SQLite语法。

大小写敏感性

重要的一点要注意的是，SQLite是不区分大小写的，但也有一些命令，这些命令是大小写敏感的像GLOB，glob 在SQLite的语句有不同的含义。 

注释

SQLite的注释是额外注意，可以添加SQLite代码，以增加其可读性，他们可以出现在任何空白可以发生，包括里面的表达式和其他SQL语句的中间，但他们不能嵌套。

SQL注释开始连续两个“ - ”字符（ASCII0X2D）和扩展，包括下一个换行符（0X0A ASCII），直到输入的结尾，以先到者为准。

还可以使用C风格的注释，“/ *”开始，扩展到包括未来的“*/”字符对，直到输入的结尾，以先到者为准。 C风格的注释可以跨越多行。

sqlite>.help -- This is a single line comment

SQLite 语句

所有SQLite语句开头可以以任何关键字，如SELECT，INSERT，UPDATE，DELETE，ALTER，DROP等，所有的语句用分号（;)结束。

SQLite ANALYZE 语句:

ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

SQLite AND/OR Clause:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句:

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句(Rename):

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

SQLite ATTACH DATABASE 语句:

ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';

SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句:

BEGIN;
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

SQLite BETWEEN 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQLite COMMIT 语句:

COMMIT;

SQLite CREATE INDEX 语句:

CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );

SQLite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 语句:

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

SQLite CREATE TABLE 语句:

CREATE TABLE table_name(
   column1 datatype,
   column2 datatype,
   column3 datatype,
   .....
   columnN datatype,
   PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);

SQLite CREATE TRIGGER 语句:

CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name 
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN 
   stmt1; 
   stmt2;
   ....
END;

SQLite CREATE VIEW 语句:

CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name  AS
SELECT statement....;

SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 语句:

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句:

COMMIT;

SQLite COUNT 子句:

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION;

SQLite DELETE 语句:

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE  {CONDITION};

SQLite DETACH DATABASE 语句:

DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';

SQLite DISTINCT 子句:

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name;

SQLite DROP INDEX 语句:

DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;

SQLite DROP TABLE 语句:

DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;

SQLite DROP VIEW 语句:

DROP INDEX database_name.view_name;

SQLite DROP TRIGGER 语句:

DROP INDEX database_name.trigger_name;

SQLite EXISTS 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM   table_name );

SQLite EXPLAIN 语句:

EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or 
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

SQLite GLOB 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

SQLite GROUP BY 子句:

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;

SQLite HAVING 子句:

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQLite INSERT INTO 语句:

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQLite IN 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite Like 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQLite NOT IN 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite ORDER BY 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQLite PRAGMA 语句:

PRAGMA pragma_name;

For example:

PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句:

RELEASE savepoint_name;

SQLite REINDEX 语句:

REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;

SQLite ROLLBACK 语句:

ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SAVEPOINT 语句:

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SELECT 语句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name;

SQLite UPDATE 语句:

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

SQLite VACUUM 语句:

VACUUM;

SQLite WHERE 子句:

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM   table_name
WHERE  CONDITION;