9.6. 一般日期函数的常量

发布于 2015-10-07 09:52:47 | 150 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理

不论什么时候 Zend_Date 方法需要参数 $parts，下面常数中其中之一可担当此任，用来选择日期的特定部分或指示日期使用的或期望使用的格式（例如 RFC 822）。

9.6.1. 使用常数

例如，常数 Zend_Date::HOUR 可以像下列所示来使用。当和星期几、日期、小时、分钟、秒和任何其它因位于世界不同的地方而不同地表示的日期部分一起使用时，对象的时区将自动用来计算当前值，即使是内部的时间戳和此刻一致并且不论用户的地理位置在世界的何方。不管使用了哪些单元，输出必需表达为 GMT/UTC 或本地化。下面的输出例子反映了 Europe/GMT+1 hour (e.g. Germany, Austria, France) 的本地化。

表 9.7. Zend_Date::HOUR 的操作

函数/输入	描述	原始日期	效果/输出
get(Zend_Date::HOUR)	Output of the hour	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	14
set(12, Zend_Date::HOUR)	Set new hour	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-13T12:53:27+01:00
add(12, Zend_Date::HOUR)	Add hours	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-14T02:53:27+01:00
sub(12, Zend_Date::HOUR)	Subtract hours	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-13T02:53:27+01:00
compare(12, Zend_Date::HOUR)	Compare hour, returns 0, 1 or -1	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	1 (if object > argument)
copy(Zend_Date::HOUR)	Copies only the hour part	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	1970-01-01T14:00:00+01:00
equals(14, Zend_Date::HOUR)	Compares the hour, returns TRUE or FALSE	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	TRUE
isEarlier(12, Zend_Date::HOUR)	Compares the hour, returns TRUE or FALSE	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	TRUE
isLater(12, Zend_Date::HOUR)	Compares the hour, returns TRUE or FALSE	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	FALSE

9.6.2. 所有常数列表

在 Zend_Date 中每个日期/时间的部分都有独一无二的常数。所有 Zend_Date 支持的常数如下：

表 9.8. Day Constants

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
Zend_Date::DAY	Day (as a number, two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00 (06)
Zend_Date::DAY_SHORT	Day (as a number, one or two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00 (6)
Zend_Date::WEEKDAY	Weekday (Name of the day, localized, complete)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	Friday
Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_SHORT	Weekday (Name of the day, localized, abbreviated, the first three digits)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	Fre for Friday
Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_NAME	Weekday (Name of the day, localized, abbreviated, the first two digits)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	Fr for Friday
Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_NARROW	Weekday (Name of the day, localized, abbreviated, only the first digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	F for Friday
Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_DIGIT	Weekday (0 = Sunday, 6 = Saturday)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	5 for Friday
Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_8601	Weekday according to ISO 8601 (1 = Monday, 7 = Sunday)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	5 for Friday
Zend_Date::DAY_OF_YEAR	Day (as a number, one or two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	43
Zend_Date::DAY_SUFFIX	English addendum for the day (st, nd, rd, th)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	th

表 9.9. 星期常数

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
Zend_Date::WEEK	Week (as a number, 1-53)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	7

表 9.10. 月常数

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
Zend_Date::MONTH_NAME	Month (Name of the month, localized, complete)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	February
Zend_Date::MONTH_NAME_SHORT	Month (Name of the month, localized, abbreviated, three digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	Feb
Zend_Date::MONTH_NAME_NARROW	Month (Name of the month, localized, abbreviated, one digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	F
Zend_Date::MONTH	Month (Number of the month, two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00 (02)
Zend_Date::MONTH_SHORT	Month (Number of the month, one or two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00 (2)
Zend_Date::MONTH_DAYS	Number of days for this month (number)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	28

表 9.11. 年常数

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
Zend_Date::YEAR	Year (number)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00
Zend_Date::YEAR_8601	Year according to ISO 8601 (number)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009
Zend_Date::YEAR_SHORT	Year (number, two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00
Zend_Date::YEAR_SHORT_8601	Year according to ISO 8601 (number, two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	09
Zend_Date::LEAPYEAR	Is the year a leap year? (TRUE or FALSE)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	FALSE

表 9.12. 时间常数

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
Zend_Date::HOUR	Hour (00-23, two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	14
Zend_Date::HOUR_SHORT	Hour (0-23, one or two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	14
Zend_Date::HOUR_SHORT_AM	Hour (1-12, one or two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2
Zend_Date::HOUR_AM	Hour (01-12, two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	02
Zend_Date::MINUTE	Minute (00-59, two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00
Zend_Date::MINUTE_SHORT	Minute (0-59, one or two digit)	2009-02-06T14:03:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:03:27+01:00
Zend_Date::SECOND	Second (00-59, two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00
Zend_Date::SECOND_SHORT	Second (0-59, one or two digit)	2009-02-06T14:53:07+01:00	2009-02-06T14:53:07+01:00
Zend_Date::MILLISECOND	Millisecond (theoretically infinite)	2009-02-06T14:53:27.20546	2009-02-06T14:53:27.20546
Zend_Date::MERIDIEM	Time of day (forenoon/afternoon)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	afternoon
Zend_Date::SWATCH	Swatch Internet Time	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	620

表 9.13. 时区常数

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
Zend_Date::TIMEZONE	Name der time zone (string, abbreviated)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	CET
Zend_Date::TIMEZONE_NAME	Name of the time zone (string, complete)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	Europe/Paris
Zend_Date::TIMEZONE_SECS	Difference of the time zone to GMT in seconds (integer)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	3600 seconds to GMT
Zend_Date::GMT_DIFF	Difference to GMT in seconds (string)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	+0100
Zend_Date::GMT_DIFF_SEP	Difference to GMT in seconds (string, separated)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	+01:00
Zend_Date::DAYLIGHT	Summer time or Winter time? (TRUE or FALSE)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	FALSE

表 9.14. 日期格式常数（格式包括时区）

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
Zend_Date::ISO_8601	Date according to ISO 8601 (string, complete)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00
Zend_Date::RFC_2822	Date according to RFC 2822 (string)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	Fri, 13 Feb 2009 14:53:27 +0100
Zend_Date::TIMESTAMP	Unix time (seconds since 1.1.1970, mixed)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	1234533207
Zend_Date::ATOM	Date according to ATOM (string)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00
Zend_Date::COOKIE	Date for Cookies (string, for Cookies)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	Friday, 13-Feb-09 14:53:27 Europe/Paris
Zend_Date::RFC_822	Date according to RFC 822 (string)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	Fri, 13 Feb 09 14:53:27 +0100
Zend_Date::RFC_850	Date according to RFC 850 (string)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	Friday, 13-Feb-09 14:53:27 Europe/Paris
Zend_Date::RFC_1036	Date according to RFC 1036 (string)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	Fri, 13 Feb 09 14:53:27 +0100
Zend_Date::RFC_1123	Date according to RFC 1123 (string)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	Fri, 13 Feb 2009 14:53:27 +0100
Zend_Date::RSS	Date for RSS Feeds (string)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	Fri, 13 Feb 2009 14:53:27 +0100
Zend_Date::W3C	Date for HTML/HTTP according to W3C (string)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00

特别注意 Zend_Date::DATES，因为这个格式指示器在 Zend_Date 之内有个唯一的属性作为输入格式指示器。当 $part 用作一个输入格式，该常量提灵活地接受许多相似的日期格式。启发式自动从输入字符串里解析并“修改”日期里的简单的错误（如果有的话），如当需要时，交换年月日的位置。

表 9.15. 日期和时间格式 (format varies by locale)

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
Zend_Date::ERA	Epoch (string, localized, abbreviated)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	AD (anno Domini)
Zend_Date::ERA_NAME	Epoch (string, localized, complete)	2009-02-06T14:53:27+01:00	anno domini (anno Domini)
Zend_Date::DATES	Standard date (string, localized, default value).	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	13.02.2009
Zend_Date::DATE_FULL	Complete date (string, localized, complete)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	Friday, 13. February 2009
Zend_Date::DATE_LONG	Long date (string, localized, long)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	13. February 2009
Zend_Date::DATE_MEDIUM	Normal date (string, localized, normal)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	13.02.2009
Zend_Date::DATE_SHORT	Abbreviated Date (string, localized, abbreviated)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	13.02.09
Zend_Date::TIMES	Standard time (string, localized, default value)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	14:53:27
Zend_Date::TIME_FULL	Complete time (string, localized, complete)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	14:53 Uhr CET
Zend_Date::TIME_LONG	Long time (string, localized, Long)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	14:53:27 CET
Zend_Date::TIME_MEDIUM	Normal time (string, localized, normal)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	14:53:27
Zend_Date::TIME_SHORT	Abbreviated time (string, localized, abbreviated)	2009-02-13T14:53:27+01:00	14:53

9.6.3. 自定义 ISO 输出格式

如果你需要的日期格式没有在上述的格式中出现，那么使用从下面 ISO 格式指定器产生的自定义格式。下面的例子示例了从下列表中生成的自定义 ISO 格式的常量的用法。格式长度无限制。并且允许格式常量的多重用法。

如果你喜欢的话，可接受的格式指定器可以从 ISO 格式修改为 PHP 的日期格式，然而，PHP 日期格式指定不支持所有的按 ISO 标准定义的格式。使用 Zend_Date::setOptions(array('format_type' => 'php')) 方法来把 Zend_Date 方法从支持 ISO 格式制定器切换到 PHP date()类型制定器（参见下面第 9.6.4 节 “ 使用 PHP 的 date() 格式指定器的自定义输出格式 ”）。

例 9.15. 自定义 ISO 格式用法示例

$locale = new Zend_Locale('de_AT');
$date = new Zend_Date(1234567890, false, $locale);
print $date->toString("'Era:GGGG='GGGG, ' Date:yy.MMMM.dd'yy.MMMM.dd");

表 9.16. ISO 8601 日期输出常量

常数	描述	日期	受影响部分/例子
G	Epoch, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::ERA	AD
GG	Epoch, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::ERA	AD
GGG	Epoch, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::ERA	AD
GGGG	Epoch, localized, complete	Zend_Date::ERA_NAME	anno domini
GGGGG	Epoch, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::ERA	a
y	Year, at least one digit	Zend_Date::YEAR	9
yy	Year, at least two digit	Zend_Date::YEAR_SHORT	09
yyy	Year, at least three digit	Zend_Date::YEAR	2009
yyyy	Year, at least four digit	Zend_Date::YEAR	2009
yyyyy	Year, at least five digit	Zend_Date::YEAR	02009
Y	Year according to ISO 8601, at least one digit	Zend_Date::YEAR_8601	9
YY	Year according to ISO 8601, at least two digit	Zend_Date::YEAR_SHORT_8601	09
YYY	Year according to ISO 8601, at least three digit	Zend_Date::YEAR_8601	2009
YYYY	Year according to ISO 8601, at least four digit	Zend_Date::YEAR_8601	2009
YYYYY	Year according to ISO 8601, at least five digit	Zend_Date::YEAR_8601	02009
M	Month, one or two digit	Zend_Date::MONTH_SHORT	2
MM	Month, two digit	Zend_Date::MONTH	02
MMM	Month, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::MONTH_NAME_SHORT	Feb
MMMM	Month, localized, complete	Zend_Date::MONTH_NAME	February
MMMMM	Month, localized, abbreviated, one digit	Zend_Date::MONTH_NAME_NARROW	F
w	Week, one or two digit	Zend_Date::WEEK	5
ww	Week, two digit	Zend_Date::WEEK	05
d	Day of the month, one or two digit	Zend_Date::DAY_SHORT	9
dd	Day of the month, two digit	Zend_Date::DAY	09
D	Day of the year, one, two or three digit	Zend_Date::DAY_OF_YEAR	7
DD	Day of the year, two or three digit	Zend_Date::DAY_OF_YEAR	07
DDD	Day of the year, three digit	Zend_Date::DAY_OF_YEAR	007
E	Day of the week, localized, abbreviated, one char	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_NARROW	M
EE	Day of the week, localized, abbreviated, two char	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_NAME	Mo
EEE	Day of the week, localized, abbreviated, three char	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_SHORT	Mon
EEEE	Day of the week, localized, complete	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY	Monday
EEEEE	Day of the week, localized, abbreviated, one digit	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_NARROW	M
e	Number of the day, one digit	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_NARROW	4
ee	Number of the day, two digit	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_NARROW	04
a	Time of day, localized	Zend_Date::MERIDIEM	vorm.
h	Hour, (1-12), one or two digit	Zend_Date::HOUR_SHORT_AM	2
hh	Hour, (01-12), two digit	Zend_Date::HOUR_AM	02
H	Hour, (0-23), one or two digit	Zend_Date::HOUR_SHORT	2
HH	Hour, (00-23), two digit	Zend_Date::HOUR	02
m	Minute, (0-59), one or two digit	Zend_Date::MINUTE_SHORT	2
mm	Minute, (00-59), two digit	Zend_Date::MINUTE	02
s	Second, (0-59), one or two digit	Zend_Date::SECOND_SHORT	2
ss	Second, (00-59), two digit	Zend_Date::SECOND	02
S	Millisecond	Zend_Date::MILLISECOND	20536
z	Time zone, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::TIMEZONE	CET
zz	Time zone, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::TIMEZONE	CET
zzz	Time zone, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::TIMEZONE	CET
zzzz	Time zone, localized, complete	Zend_Date::TIMEZONE_NAME	Europe/Paris
Z	Difference of time zone	Zend_Date::GMT_DIFF	+0100
ZZ	Difference of time zone	Zend_Date::GMT_DIFF	+0100
ZZZ	Difference of time zone	Zend_Date::GMT_DIFF	+0100
ZZZZ	Difference of time zone, separated	Zend_Date::GMT_DIFF_SEP	+01:00
A	Millisecond	Zend_Date::MILLISECOND	20563

	注意
注意缺省的 ISO 格式不同于 PHP 的格式，如果在先前没有使用，PHP 的格式可以迭代。特别是 Year and Minute 的格式指定器不常按预期来使用。对于 year 有两个可用的指定器经常发生错误： ISO 年的Y 指定器和真实年的 y 的指定器。区别微小但意义重大。 Y 计算 ISO 年，常用于日历格式，例如 the 31. December 2007。真实年为 2007，但它是 2008 年的第一周的第一天，所以，如果使用 'dd.MM.yyyy' 会得到 '31.December.2007' 但如果使用 'dd.MM.YYYY' 会得到 '31.December.2008'。正如你所看到的，这不是 bug ，但期望的行为依赖指定器的使用。对 minute 来说区别不大。ISO 使用 m 指定器，PHP 使用 i。所以如果没有按你的格式获得分钟数，检查是否使用了正确的指定器。

注意

注意缺省的 ISO 格式不同于 PHP 的格式，如果在先前没有使用，PHP 的格式可以迭代。特别是 Year and Minute 的格式指定器不常按预期来使用。

对于 year 有两个可用的指定器经常发生错误： ISO 年的Y 指定器和真实年的 y 的指定器。区别微小但意义重大。 Y 计算 ISO 年，常用于日历格式，例如 the 31. December 2007。真实年为 2007，但它是 2008 年的第一周的第一天，所以，如果使用 'dd.MM.yyyy' 会得到 '31.December.2007' 但如果使用 'dd.MM.YYYY' 会得到 '31.December.2008'。正如你所看到的，这不是 bug ，但期望的行为依赖指定器的使用。

对 minute 来说区别不大。ISO 使用 m 指定器，PHP 使用 i。所以如果没有按你的格式获得分钟数，检查是否使用了正确的指定器。

9.6.4. 使用 PHP 的 date() 格式指定器的自定义输出格式

如果你更喜欢使用 PHP 的日期格式指定器，可以使用 Zend_Date::setOptions(array('format' => 'php')) 方法把 Zend_Date 方法从支持 ISO 格式制定器切换到 PHP date()类型制定器。然后所有参数必需用 PHP's date() 格式指定器给出。 PHP 日期格式缺乏一些 ISO 格式支持的格式，反之亦然。如果不喜欢，可以使用标准的 ISO 格式。而且，如果你有一些历史遗留的使用 PHP 日期格式的代码，可以用 Zend_Locale_Format::convertPhpToIsoFormat() 手工转换为 ISO 格式，或使用 setOptions()。下面的例子示例了从下表生成的自定义格式的常量的用法。

例 9.16. 用 PHP 指定器自定义格式的用例

$locale = new Zend_Locale('de_AT');
Zend_Date::setOptions(array('format_type' => 'php'));
$date = new Zend_Date(1234567890, false, $locale);

// outputs something like 'February 16, 2007, 3:36 am'
print $date->toString('F j, Y, g:i a');

print $date->toString("'Format:D M j G:i:s T Y='D M j G:i:s T Y");

下标列出了带有相应等同的 Zend_Date常量和 CLDR/ISO 格式指定器的 PHP 日期格式指定器。对一些情况，当 CLDR/ISO 格式没有等同的格式指定器时，PHP 格式指定器不用 Zend_Locale_Format::convertPhpToIsoFormat() 来改变，并且 Zend_Date 方法承认这些 “奇特的” PHP 格式指定器，即使是处于缺省的 "ISO" 格式模式中。

表 9.17. PHP 日期输出常量

常数	描述	Corresponds best to	closest CLDR equivalent	受影响部分/例子
d	Day of the month, two digit	Zend_Date::DAY	dd	09
D	Day of the week, localized, abbreviated, three digit	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_SHORT	EEE	Mon
j	Day of the month, one or two digit	Zend_Date::DAY_SHORT	d	9
l (lowercase L)	Day of the week, localized, complete	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY	EEEE	Monday
N	Number of the weekday, one digit	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_8601	e	4
S	English suffixes for day of month, two chars	no equivalent	no equivalent	st
w	Number of the weekday, 0=sunday, 6=saturday	Zend_Date::WEEKDAY_DIGIT	no equivalent	4
z	Day of the year, one, two or three digit	Zend_Date::DAY_OF_YEAR	D	7
W	Week, one or two digit	Zend_Date::WEEK	w	5
F	Month, localized, complete	Zend_Date::MONTH_NAME	MMMM	February
m	Month, two digit	Zend_Date::MONTH	MM	02
M	Month, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::MONTH_NAME_SHORT	MMM	Feb
n	Month, one or two digit	Zend_Date::MONTH_SHORT	M	2
t	Number of days per month, one or two digits	Zend_Date::MONTH_DAYS	no equivalent	30
L	Leapyear, boolean	Zend_Date::LEAPYEAR	no equivalent	true
o	Year according to ISO 8601, at least four digit	Zend_Date::YEAR_8601	YYYY	2009
Y	Year, at least four digit	Zend_Date::YEAR	yyyy	2009
y	Year, at least two digit	Zend_Date::YEAR_SHORT	yy	09
a	Time of day, localized	Zend_Date::MERIDIEM	a (sort of, but likely to be uppercase)	vorm.
A	Time of day, localized	Zend_Date::MERIDIEM	a (sort of, but no guarantee that the format is uppercase)	VORM.
B	Swatch internet time	Zend_Date::SWATCH	no equivalent	1463
g	Hour, (1-12), one or two digit	Zend_Date::HOUR_SHORT_AM	h	2
G	Hour, (0-23), one or two digit	Zend_Date::HOUR_SHORT	H	2
h	Hour, (01-12), two digit	Zend_Date::HOUR_AM	hh	02
H	Hour, (00-23), two digit	Zend_Date::HOUR	HH	02
i	Minute, (00-59), two digit	Zend_Date::MINUTE	mm	02
s	Second, (00-59), two digit	Zend_Date::SECOND	ss	02
e	Time zone, localized, complete	Zend_Date::TIMEZONE_NAME	zzzz	Europe/Paris
I	Daylight	Zend_Date::DAYLIGHT	no equivalent	1
O	Difference of time zone	Zend_Date::GMT_DIFF	Z or ZZ or ZZZ	+0100
P	Difference of time zone, separated	Zend_Date::GMT_DIFF_SEP	ZZZZ	+01:00
T	Time zone, localized, abbreviated	Zend_Date::TIMEZONE	z or zz or zzz	CET
Z	Time zone offset in seconds	Zend_Date::TIMEZONE_SECS	no equivalent	3600
c	Standard Iso format output	Zend_Date::ISO_8601	no equivalent	2004-02-12T15:19:21+00:00
r	Standard Rfc 2822 format output	Zend_Date::RFC_2822	no equivalent	Thu, 21 Dec 2000 16:01:07 +0200
U	Unix timestamp	Zend_Date::TIMESTAMP	no equivalent	15275422364

9.6. 一般日期函数的常量