操作和部署的业务分离

Operational Overview¶

MongoDB includes a cluster of features that allow database administrators and developers to segregate application operations to MongoDB deployments by functional or geographical groupings.

This capability provides “data center awareness,” which allows applications to target MongoDB deployments with consideration of the physical location of mongod instances. MongoDB supports segmentation of operations across different dimensions, which may include multiple data centers and geographical regions in multi-data center deployments or racks, networks, or power circuits in single data center deployments.

MongoDB also supports segregation of database operations based on functional or operational parameters, to ensure that certain mongod instances are only used for reporting workloads or that certain high-frequency portions of a sharded collection only exist on specific shards.

Specifically, with MongoDB, you can:

• ensure write operations propagate to specific members of a replica set, or to specific members of replica sets.
• ensure that specific members of a replica set respond to queries.
• ensure that specific ranges of your shard key balance onto and reside on specific shards.
• combine the above features in a single distributed deployment, on a per-operation (for read and write operations) and collection (for chunk distribution in sharded clusters distribution) basis.

For full documentation of these features, see the following documentation in the MongoDB Manual:

• Read Preferences, which controls how drivers help applications target read operations to members of a replica set.
• Write Concerns, which controls how MongoDB ensures that write operations propagate to members of a replica set.
• Replica Set Tags, which control how applications create and interact with custom groupings of replica set members to create custom application-specific read preferences and write concerns.
• Tag Aware Sharding, which allows MongoDB administrators to define an application-specific balancing policy, to control how documents belonging to specific ranges of a shard key distribute to shards in the sharded cluster.