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发布于 2015-08-27 16:41:38 | 168 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理

Ensuring smooth upgrades of your projects is our first priority. That’s why we promise you backwards compatibility (BC) for all minor Symfony releases. You probably recognize this strategy as Semantic Versioning. In short, Semantic Versioning means that only major releases (such as 2.0, 3.0 etc.) are allowed to break backwards compatibility. Minor releases (such as 2.5, 2.6 etc.) may introduce new features, but must do so without breaking the existing API of that release branch (2.x in the previous example).

警告

This promise was introduced with Symfony 2.3 and does not apply to previous versions of Symfony.

However, backwards compatibility comes in many different flavors. In fact, almost every change that we make to the framework can potentially break an application. For example, if we add a new method to a class, this will break an application which extended this class and added the same method, but with a different method signature.

Also, not every BC break has the same impact on application code. While some BC breaks require you to make significant changes to your classes or your architecture, others are fixed as easily as changing the name of a method.

That’s why we created this page for you. The section “Using Symfony Code” will tell you how you can ensure that your application won’t break completely when upgrading to a newer version of the same major release branch.

The second section, “Working on Symfony Code”, is targeted at Symfony contributors. This section lists detailed rules that every contributor needs to follow to ensure smooth upgrades for our users.

Using Symfony Code

If you are using Symfony in your projects, the following guidelines will help you to ensure smooth upgrades to all future minor releases of your Symfony version.

Using our Interfaces

All interfaces shipped with Symfony can be used in type hints. You can also call any of the methods that they declare. We guarantee that we won’t break code that sticks to these rules.

警告

The exception to this rule are interfaces tagged with @internal. Such interfaces should not be used or implemented.

If you want to implement an interface, you should first make sure that the interface is an API interface. You can recognize API interfaces by the @api tag in their source code:

/**
 * HttpKernelInterface handles a Request to convert it to a Response.
 *
 * @author Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
 *
 * @api
 */
interface HttpKernelInterface
{
    // ...
}

If you implement an API interface, we promise that we won’t ever break your code. Regular interfaces, by contrast, may be extended between minor releases, for example by adding a new method. Be prepared to upgrade your code manually if you implement a regular interface.

注解

Even if we do changes that require manual upgrades, we limit ourselves to changes that can be upgraded easily. We will always document the precise upgrade instructions in the UPGRADE file in Symfony’s root directory.

The following table explains in detail which use cases are covered by our backwards compatibility promise:

Use Case Regular API
If you... Then we guarantee BC...
Type hint against the interface Yes Yes
Call a method Yes Yes
If you implement the interface and... Then we guarantee BC...
Implement a method No [1] Yes
Add an argument to an implemented method No [1] Yes
Add a default value to an argument Yes Yes

注解

If you think that one of our regular classes should have an @api tag, put your request into a new ticket on GitHub. We will then evaluate whether we can add the tag or not.

Using our Classes

All classes provided by Symfony may be instantiated and accessed through their public methods and properties.

警告

Classes, properties and methods that bear the tag @internal as well as the classes located in the various *Tests namespaces are an exception to this rule. They are meant for internal use only and should not be accessed by your own code.

Just like with interfaces, we also distinguish between regular and API classes. Like API interfaces, API classes are marked with an @api tag:

/**
 * Request represents an HTTP request.
 *
 * @author Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com>
 *
 * @api
 */
class Request
{
    // ...
}

The difference between regular and API classes is that we guarantee full backwards compatibility if you extend an API class and override its methods. We can’t give the same promise for regular classes, because there we may, for example, add an optional argument to a method. Consequently, the signature of your overridden method wouldn’t match anymore and generate a fatal error.

注解

As with interfaces, we limit ourselves to changes that can be upgraded easily. We will document the precise upgrade instructions in the UPGRADE file in Symfony’s root directory.

In some cases, only specific properties and methods are tagged with the @api tag, even though their class is not. In these cases, we guarantee full backwards compatibility for the tagged properties and methods (as indicated in the column “API” below), but not for the rest of the class.

To be on the safe side, check the following table to know which use cases are covered by our backwards compatibility promise:

Use Case Regular API
If you... Then we guarantee BC...
Type hint against the class Yes Yes
Create a new instance Yes Yes
Extend the class Yes Yes
Access a public property Yes Yes
Call a public method Yes Yes
If you extend the class and... Then we guarantee BC...
Access a protected property No [1] Yes
Call a protected method No [1] Yes
Override a public property Yes Yes
Override a protected property No [1] Yes
Override a public method No [1] Yes
Override a protected method No [1] Yes
Add a new property No No
Add a new method No No
Add an argument to an overridden method No [1] Yes
Add a default value to an argument Yes Yes
Call a private method (via Reflection) No No
Access a private property (via Reflection) No No

注解

If you think that one of our regular classes should have an @api tag, put your request into a new ticket on GitHub. We will then evaluate whether we can add the tag or not.

Working on Symfony Code

Do you want to help us improve Symfony? That’s great! However, please stick to the rules listed below in order to ensure smooth upgrades for our users.

Changing Interfaces

This table tells you which changes you are allowed to do when working on Symfony’s interfaces:

Type of Change Regular API
Remove entirely No No
Change name or namespace No No
Add parent interface Yes [2] Yes [3]
Remove parent interface No No
Methods    
Add method Yes [2] No
Remove method No No
Change name No No
Move to parent interface Yes Yes
Add argument without a default value No No
Add argument with a default value Yes [2] No
Remove argument Yes [4] Yes [4]
Add default value to an argument Yes [2] No
Remove default value of an argument No No
Add type hint to an argument No No
Remove type hint of an argument Yes [2] No
Change argument type Yes [2] [5] No
Change return type Yes [2] [6] No

Changing Classes

This table tells you which changes you are allowed to do when working on Symfony’s classes:

Type of Change Regular API
Remove entirely No No
Make final No No
Make abstract No No
Change name or namespace No No
Change parent class Yes [7] Yes [7]
Add interface Yes Yes
Remove interface No No
Public Properties    
Add public property Yes Yes
Remove public property No No
Reduce visibility No No
Move to parent class Yes Yes
Protected Properties    
Add protected property Yes Yes
Remove protected property Yes [2] No
Reduce visibility Yes [2] No
Move to parent class Yes Yes
Private Properties    
Add private property Yes Yes
Remove private property Yes Yes
Constructors    
Add constructor without mandatory arguments Yes [2] Yes [2]
Remove constructor Yes [2] No
Reduce visibility of a public constructor No No
Reduce visibility of a protected constructor Yes [2] No
Move to parent class Yes Yes
Public Methods    
Add public method Yes Yes
Remove public method No No
Change name No No
Reduce visibility No No
Move to parent class Yes Yes
Add argument without a default value No No
Add argument with a default value Yes [2] No
Remove argument Yes [4] Yes [4]
Add default value to an argument Yes [2] No
Remove default value of an argument No No
Add type hint to an argument Yes [8] No
Remove type hint of an argument Yes [2] No
Change argument type Yes [2] [5] No
Change return type Yes [2] [6] No
Protected Methods    
Add protected method Yes Yes
Remove protected method Yes [2] No
Change name No No
Reduce visibility Yes [2] No
Move to parent class Yes Yes
Add argument without a default value Yes [2] No
Add argument with a default value Yes [2] No
Remove argument Yes [4] Yes [4]
Add default value to an argument Yes [2] No
Remove default value of an argument Yes [2] No
Add type hint to an argument Yes [2] No
Remove type hint of an argument Yes [2] No
Change argument type Yes [2] [5] No
Change return type Yes [2] [6] No
Private Methods    
Add private method Yes Yes
Remove private method Yes Yes
Change name Yes Yes
Reduce visibility Yes Yes
Add argument without a default value Yes Yes
Add argument with a default value Yes Yes
Remove argument Yes Yes
Add default value to an argument Yes Yes
Remove default value of an argument Yes Yes
Add type hint to an argument Yes Yes
Remove type hint of an argument Yes Yes
Change argument type Yes Yes
Change return type Yes Yes
Static Methods    
Turn non static into static No No
Turn static into non static No No
[1](1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) Your code may be broken by changes in the Symfony code. Such changes will however be documented in the UPGRADE file.
[2](1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28) Should be avoided. When done, this change must be documented in the UPGRADE file.
[3]The added parent interface must not introduce any new methods that don’t exist in the interface already.
[4](1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Only the last argument(s) of a method may be removed, as PHP does not care about additional arguments that you pass to a method.
[5](1, 2, 3)

The argument type may only be changed to a compatible or less specific type. The following type changes are allowed:

Original Type New Type
boolean any scalar type with equivalent boolean values
string any scalar type or object with equivalent string values
integer any scalar type with equivalent integer values
float any scalar type with equivalent float values
class <C> any superclass or interface of <C>
interface <I> any superinterface of <I>
[6](1, 2, 3)

The return type may only be changed to a compatible or more specific type. The following type changes are allowed:

Original Type New Type
boolean any scalar type with equivalent boolean values
string any scalar type or object with equivalent string values
integer any scalar type with equivalent integer values
float any scalar type with equivalent float values
array instance of ArrayAccess, Traversable and Countable
ArrayAccess array
Traversable array
Countable array
class <C> any subclass of <C>
interface <I> any subinterface or implementing class of <I>
[7](1, 2) When changing the parent class, the original parent class must remain an ancestor of the class.
[8]A type hint may only be added if passing a value with a different type previously generated a fatal error.
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