测试

注解

It’s recommended to use the latest stable PHPUnit version (you will have to use version 4.2 or higher to test the Symfony core code itself).

小技巧

Code coverage can be generated with the --coverage-* options, see the help information that is shown when using --help for more information.

注解

By convention, the Tests/ sub-directory should replicate the directory of your bundle for unit tests. So, if you’re testing a class in your bundle’s Util/ directory, put the test in the Tests/Util/ directory.

功能测试示例¶

Functional tests are simple PHP files that typically live in the Tests/Controller directory of your bundle. If you want to test the pages handled by your PostController class, start by creating a new PostControllerTest.php file that extends a special WebTestCase class.

As an example, a test could look like this:

// src/AppBundle/Tests/Controller/PostControllerTest.php
namespace AppBundleTestsController;

use SymfonyBundleFrameworkBundleTestWebTestCase;

class PostControllerTest extends WebTestCase
{
    public function testShowPost()
    {
        $client = static::createClient();

        $crawler = $client->request('GET', '/post/hello-world');

        $this->assertGreaterThan(
            0,
            $crawler->filter('html:contains("Hello World")')->count()
        );
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" charset="utf-8" ?>
<phpunit>
    <php>
        <server name="KERNEL_DIR" value="/path/to/your/app/" />
    </php>
    <!-- ... -->
</phpunit>

The createClient() method returns a client, which is like a browser that you’ll use to crawl your site:

$crawler = $client->request('GET', '/post/hello-world');

The request() method (read more about the request method) returns a Crawler object which can be used to select elements in the response, click on links and submit forms.

Click on a link by first selecting it with the crawler using either an XPath expression or a CSS selector, then use the client to click on it. For example:

$link = $crawler
    ->filter('a:contains("Greet")') // find all links with the text "Greet"
    ->eq(1) // select the second link in the list
    ->link() // and click it
;

$crawler = $client->click($link);

Submitting a form is very similar: select a form button, optionally override some form values and submit the corresponding form:

$form = $crawler->selectButton('submit')->form();

// set some values
$form['name'] = 'Lucas';
$form['form_name[subject]'] = 'Hey there!';

// submit the form
$crawler = $client->submit($form);

Now that you can easily navigate through an application, use assertions to test that it actually does what you expect it to. Use the Crawler to make assertions on the DOM:

// Assert that the response matches a given CSS selector.
$this->assertGreaterThan(0, $crawler->filter('h1')->count());

Or test against the response content directly if you just want to assert that the content contains some text or in case that the response is not an XML/HTML document:

$this->assertContains(
    'Hello World',
    $client->getResponse()->getContent()
);

use SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationResponse;

// ...

// Assert that there is at least one h2 tag
// with the class "subtitle"
$this->assertGreaterThan(
    0,
    $crawler->filter('h2.subtitle')->count()
);

// Assert that there are exactly 4 h2 tags on the page
$this->assertCount(4, $crawler->filter('h2'));

// Assert that the "Content-Type" header is "application/json"
$this->assertTrue(
    $client->getResponse()->headers->contains(
        'Content-Type',
        'application/json'
    )
);

// Assert that the response content contains a string
$this->assertContains('foo', $client->getResponse()->getContent());
// ...or matches a regex
$this->assertRegExp('/foo(bar)?/', $client->getResponse()->getContent());

// Assert that the response status code is 2xx
$this->assertTrue($client->getResponse()->isSuccessful());
// Assert that the response status code is 404
$this->assertTrue($client->getResponse()->isNotFound());
// Assert a specific 200 status code
$this->assertEquals(
    200, // or SymfonyComponentHttpFoundationResponse::HTTP_OK
    $client->getResponse()->getStatusCode()
);

// Assert that the response is a redirect to /demo/contact
$this->assertTrue(
    $client->getResponse()->isRedirect('/demo/contact')
);
// ...or simply check that the response is a redirect to any URL
$this->assertTrue($client->getResponse()->isRedirect());

小技巧

Hardcoding the request URLs is a best practice for functional tests. If the test generates URLs using the Symfony router, it won’t detect any change made to the application URLs which may impact the end users.

More about the request() Method:

The full signature of the request() method is:

request(
    $method,
    $uri,
    array $parameters = array(),
    array $files = array(),
    array $server = array(),
    $content = null,
    $changeHistory = true
)

The server array is the raw values that you’d expect to normally find in the PHP $_SERVER superglobal. For example, to set the Content-Type, Referer and X-Requested-With HTTP headers, you’d pass the following (mind the HTTP_ prefix for non standard headers):

$client->request(
    'GET',
    '/post/hello-world',
    array(),
    array(),
    array(
        'CONTENT_TYPE'          => 'application/json',
        'HTTP_REFERER'          => '/foo/bar',
        'HTTP_X-Requested-With' => 'XMLHttpRequest',
    )
);

小技巧

You will learn more about the Link and Form objects in the Crawler section below.

浏览¶

The Client supports many operations that can be done in a real browser:

$client->back();
$client->forward();
$client->reload();

// Clears all cookies and the history
$client->restart();

访问内部对象¶

If you use the client to test your application, you might want to access the client’s internal objects:

$history = $client->getHistory();
$cookieJar = $client->getCookieJar();

You can also get the objects related to the latest request:

// the HttpKernel request instance
$request = $client->getRequest();

// the BrowserKit request instance
$request = $client->getInternalRequest();

// the HttpKernel response instance
$response = $client->getResponse();

// the BrowserKit response instance
$response = $client->getInternalResponse();

$crawler = $client->getCrawler();

If your requests are not insulated, you can also access the Container and the Kernel:

$container = $client->getContainer();
$kernel = $client->getKernel();

访问Container¶

It’s highly recommended that a functional test only tests the Response. But under certain very rare circumstances, you might want to access some internal objects to write assertions. In such cases, you can access the dependency injection container:

$container = $client->getContainer();

Be warned that this does not work if you insulate the client or if you use an HTTP layer. For a list of services available in your application, use the debug:container console task.

访问调试数据¶

On each request, you can enable the Symfony profiler to collect data about the internal handling of that request. For example, the profiler could be used to verify that a given page executes less than a certain number of database queries when loading.

To get the Profiler for the last request, do the following:

// enable the profiler for the very next request
$client->enableProfiler();

$crawler = $client->request('GET', '/profiler');

// get the profile
$profile = $client->getProfile();

For specific details on using the profiler inside a test, see the How to Use the Profiler in a Functional Test cookbook entry.

Redirecting¶

When a request returns a redirect response, the client does not follow it automatically. You can examine the response and force a redirection afterwards with the followRedirect() method:

$crawler = $client->followRedirect();

If you want the client to automatically follow all redirects, you can force him with the followRedirects() method:

$client->followRedirects();

If you pass false to the followRedirects() method, the redirects will no longer be followed:

$client->followRedirects(false);

遍历¶

Like jQuery, the Crawler has methods to traverse the DOM of an HTML/XML document. For example, the following finds all input[type=submit] elements, selects the last one on the page, and then selects its immediate parent element:

$newCrawler = $crawler->filter('input[type=submit]')
    ->last()
    ->parents()
    ->first()
;

Many other methods are also available:

• filter('h1.title')
• Nodes that match the CSS selector.
• filterXpath('h1')
• Nodes that match the XPath expression.
• eq(1)
• Node for the specified index.
• first()
• First node.
• last()
• Last node.
• siblings()
• Siblings.
• nextAll()
• All following siblings.
• previousAll()
• All preceding siblings.
• parents()
• Returns the parent nodes.
• children()
• Returns children nodes.
• reduce($lambda)
• Nodes for which the callable does not return false.

Since each of these methods returns a new Crawler instance, you can narrow down your node selection by chaining the method calls:

$crawler
    ->filter('h1')
    ->reduce(function ($node, $i) {
        if (!$node->getAttribute('class')) {
            return false;
        }
    })
    ->first()
;

解析数据¶

The Crawler can extract information from the nodes:

// Returns the attribute value for the first node
$crawler->attr('class');

// Returns the node value for the first node
$crawler->text();

// Extracts an array of attributes for all nodes
// (_text returns the node value)
// returns an array for each element in crawler,
// each with the value and href
$info = $crawler->extract(array('_text', 'href'));

// Executes a lambda for each node and return an array of results
$data = $crawler->each(function ($node, $i) {
    return $node->attr('href');
});

链接¶

To select links, you can use the traversing methods above or the convenient selectLink() shortcut:

$crawler->selectLink('Click here');

This selects all links that contain the given text, or clickable images for which the alt attribute contains the given text. Like the other filtering methods, this returns another Crawler object.

Once you’ve selected a link, you have access to a special Link object, which has helpful methods specific to links (such as getMethod() and getUri()). To click on the link, use the Client’s click() method and pass it a Link object:

$link = $crawler->selectLink('Click here')->link();

$client->click($link);

表单¶

Forms can be selected using their buttons, which can be selected with the selectButton() method, just like links:

$buttonCrawlerNode = $crawler->selectButton('submit');

The selectButton() method can select button tags and submit input tags. It uses several parts of the buttons to find them:

• The value attribute value;
• The id or alt attribute value for images;
• The id or name attribute value for button tags.

Once you have a Crawler representing a button, call the form() method to get a Form instance for the form wrapping the button node:

$form = $buttonCrawlerNode->form();

When calling the form() method, you can also pass an array of field values that overrides the default ones:

$form = $buttonCrawlerNode->form(array(
    'name'              => 'Fabien',
    'my_form[subject]'  => 'Symfony rocks!',
));

And if you want to simulate a specific HTTP method for the form, pass it as a second argument:

$form = $buttonCrawlerNode->form(array(), 'DELETE');

The Client can submit Form instances:

$client->submit($form);

The field values can also be passed as a second argument of the submit() method:

$client->submit($form, array(
    'name'              => 'Fabien',
    'my_form[subject]'  => 'Symfony rocks!',
));

For more complex situations, use the Form instance as an array to set the value of each field individually:

// Change the value of a field
$form['name'] = 'Fabien';
$form['my_form[subject]'] = 'Symfony rocks!';

There is also a nice API to manipulate the values of the fields according to their type:

// Select an option or a radio
$form['country']->select('France');

// Tick a checkbox
$form['like_symfony']->tick();

// Upload a file
$form['photo']->upload('/path/to/lucas.jpg');

• YAML

  # app/config/config_test.yml
  
  # ...
  swiftmailer:
      disable_delivery: true
  

• XML

  <!-- app/config/config_test.xml -->
  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
  <container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns:swiftmailer="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/swiftmailer"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services
          http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
          http://symfony.com/schema/dic/swiftmailer
          http://symfony.com/schema/dic/swiftmailer/swiftmailer-1.0.xsd">
  
      <!-- ... -->
      <swiftmailer:config disable-delivery="true" />
  </container>
  

• PHP

  // app/config/config_test.php
  
  // ...
  $container->loadFromExtension('swiftmailer', array(
      'disable_delivery' => true,
  ));
  

小技巧

The test client is available as a service in the container in the test environment (or wherever the framework.test option is enabled). This means you can override the service entirely if you need to.

PHPUnit配置¶

Each application has its own PHPUnit configuration, stored in the app/phpunit.xml.dist file. You can edit this file to change the defaults or create an app/phpunit.xml file to set up a configuration for your local machine only.

By default, only the tests from your own custom bundles stored in the standard directories src/*/*Bundle/Tests, src/*/Bundle/*Bundle/Tests, src/*Bundle/Tests are run by the phpunit command, as configured in the app/phpunit.xml.dist file:

<!-- app/phpunit.xml.dist -->
<phpunit>
    <!-- ... -->
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Project Test Suite">
            <directory>../src/*/*Bundle/Tests</directory>
            <directory>../src/*/Bundle/*Bundle/Tests</directory>
            <directory>../src/*Bundle/Tests</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
    <!-- ... -->
</phpunit>

But you can easily add more directories. For instance, the following configuration adds tests from a custom lib/tests directory:

<!-- app/phpunit.xml.dist -->
<phpunit>
    <!-- ... -->
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Project Test Suite">
            <!-- ... --->
            <directory>../lib/tests</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
    <!-- ... --->
</phpunit>

To include other directories in the code coverage, also edit the <filter> section:

<!-- app/phpunit.xml.dist -->
<phpunit>
    <!-- ... -->
    <filter>
        <whitelist>
            <!-- ... -->
            <directory>../lib</directory>
            <exclude>
                <!-- ... -->
                <directory>../lib/tests</directory>
            </exclude>
        </whitelist>
    </filter>
    <!-- ... --->
</phpunit>