第一章:日志管理
1.forcing log switches sql>; alter system switch logfile; 2.forcing checkpoints sql>; alter system checkpoint; 3.adding online redo log groups sql>; alter database add logfile [group 4] sql>; ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size 1m; 4.adding online redo log members sql>; alter database add logfile member sql>; '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1, sql>; '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2; 5.changes the name of the online redo logfile sql>; alter database rename file 'c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log' sql>; to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log'; 6.drop online redo log groups sql>; alter database drop logfile group 3; 7.drop online redo log members sql>; alter database drop logfile member 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log'; PHP程序员站--PHP程序员之家 8.clearing online redo log files sql>; alter database clear [unarchived] logfile 'c:/oracle/log2a.rdo'; 9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' ' b. sql>; execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','c:\oracle\oradb\log'); c. sql>; execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log', sql>; dbms_logmnr.new); d. sql>; execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log', sql>; dbms_logmnr.addfile); e. sql>; execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>;'c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora'); f. sql>; select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters sql>; v$logmnr_logs); g. sql>; execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr; PHP程序员站
第二章:表空间管理 1.create tablespaces sql>; create tablespace tablespace_name datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\file1.dbf' size 100m, sql>; 'c:\oracle\oradata\file2.dbf' size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging] sql>; default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0) sql>; [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause] 2.locally managed tablespace sql>; create tablespace user_data datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\user_data01.dbf' sql>; size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 3.temporary tablespace sql>; create temporary tablespace temp tempfile 'c:\oracle\oradata\temp01.dbf' sql>; size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 4.change the storage setting sql>; alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m; www.phperz.com sql>; alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999); 5.taking tablespace offline or online sql>; alter tablespace app_data offline; sql>; alter tablespace app_data online; 6.read_only tablespace sql>; alter tablespace app_data read only|write; 7.droping tablespace sql>; drop tablespace app_data including contents; 8.enableing automatic extension of data files sql>; alter tablespace app_data add datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data01.dbf' size 200m sql>; autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m; 9.change the size fo data files manually sql>; alter database datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf' resize 200m; 10.Moving data files: alter tablespace sql>; alter tablespace app_data rename datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf' www.phperz.com sql>; to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf'; 11.moving data files:alter database sql>; alter database rename file 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf' sql>; to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf'; www phperz com
第三章:表 PHP程序员站--PHP程序员之家
1.create a table sql>; create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....) sql>; tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer] sql>; [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] sql>; storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) sql>; [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache] 2.copy an existing table sql>; create table table_name [logging|nologging] as subquery 3.create temporary table sql>; create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay; on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows 4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space) 5.change storage and block utilization parameter phperz.com sql>; alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k sql>; minextents 2 maxextents 100); 6.manually allocating extents sql>; alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile 'c:/oracle/data.dbf'); 7.move tablespace sql>; alter table employee move tablespace users; 8.deallocate of unused space sql>; alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer] 9.truncate a table sql>; truncate table table_name; 10.drop a table sql>; drop table table_name [cascade constraints]; 11.drop a column sql>; alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000; alter table table_name drop columns continue; 12.mark a column as unused sql>; alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints; www.phperz.com alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000; alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000 data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs www phperz com
第四章:索引 www~phperz~.com
1.creating function-based indexes sql>; create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped); 2.create a B-tree index sql>; create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace sql>; tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer] sql>; [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 sql>; maxextents 50); 3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows 4.creating reverse key indexes sql>; create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k sql>; next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 5.create bitmap index sql>; create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k www phperz com sql>; pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 6.change storage parameter of index sql>; alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100); 7.allocating index space sql>; alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf'); 8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused; www.phperz.com
第五章:约束 www phperz com
1.define constraints as immediate or deferred sql>; alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default; set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred; 2. sql>; drop table table_name cascade constraints sql>; drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints 3. define constraints while create a table sql>; create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable sql>; using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx); primary key/unique/references table(column)/check 4.enable constraints sql>; alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id; 5.enable constraints sql>; alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id; phperz.com
第六章:LOAD数据 1.loading data using direct_load insert sql>; insert /*+append */ into emp nologging sql>; select * from emp_old; 2.parallel direct-load insert sql>; alter session enable parallel dml; sql>; insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging sql>; select * from emp_old; 3.using sql*loader sql>; sqlldr scott/tiger \ sql>; control = ulcase6.ctl \ sql>; log = ulcase6.log direct=true PHP程序员站--PHP程序员之家
第七章:reorganizing data www.phperz.com
1.using expoty $exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:\emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y 2.using import $imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y 3.transporting a tablespace sql>;alter tablespace sales_ts read only; $exp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts triggers=n constraints=n $copy datafile $imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2 /sles02.dbf) sql>; alter tablespace sales_ts read write; 4.checking transport set sql>; DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>;'sales_ts' ..,incl_constraints=>;true); 在表transport_set_violations 中查看 sql>; dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是, 表示自包含 www.phperz.com
第八章: managing password security and resources 1.controlling account lock and password sql>; alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock; 2.user_provided password function sql>; function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30), old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean 3.create a profile : password setting sql>; create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3 sql>; password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 sql>;password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function sql>; password_grace_time 5; 4.altering a profile sql>; alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3 PHP程序员站--PHP程序员之家 sql>; password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10; 5.drop a profile sql>; drop profile grace_5 [cascade]; 6.create a profile : resource limit sql>; create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2 sql>; cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480; 7. view =>; resource_cost : alter resource cost dba_Users,dba_profiles 8. enable resource limits sql>; alter system set resource_limit=true; www.phperz.com
第九章:Managing users 1.create a user: database authentication sql>; create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users sql>; temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire sql>; [account lock|unlock] [profile profilename|default]; 2.change user quota on tablespace sql>; alter user juncky quota 0 on users; 3.drop a user sql>; drop user juncky [cascade]; 4. monitor user view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas PHP程序员站
第十章:managing privileges www~phperz~.com
1.system privileges: view =>; system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs 2.grant system privilege sql>; grant create session,create table to managers; sql>; grant create session to scott with admin option; with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role; 3.sysdba and sysoper privileges: sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile, alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database alter database archivelog,restricted session sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until 4.password file members: view:=>; v$pwfile_users 5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema PHP程序员站 6.revoke system privilege sql>; revoke create table from karen; sql>; revoke create session from scott; 7.grant object privilege sql>; grant execute on dbms_pipe to public; sql>; grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option; 8.display object privilege : view =>; dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs 9.revoke object privilege sql>; revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade constraints]; 10.audit record view :=>; sys.aud$ 11. protecting the audit trail sql>; audit delete on sys.aud$ by access; 12.statement auditing sql>; audit user; 13.privilege auditing sql>; audit select any table by summit by access; 14.schema object auditing sql>; audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful; www~phperz~.com 15.view audit option : view=>; all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,dba_obj_audit_opts 16.view audit result: view=>; dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement 第十一章: manager role 1.create roles sql>; create role sales_clerk; sql>; create role hr_clerk identified by bonus; sql>; create role hr_manager identified externally; 2.modify role sql>; alter role sales_clerk identified by commission; sql>; alter role hr_clerk identified externally; sql>; alter role hr_manager not identified; 3.assigning roles sql>; grant sales_clerk to scott; sql>; grant hr_clerk to hr_manager; sql>; grant hr_manager to scott with admin option; www.phperz.com 4.establish default role sql>; alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk; sql>; alter user scott default role all; sql>; alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk; sql>; alter user scott default role none; 5.enable and disable roles sql>; set role hr_clerk; sql>; set role sales_clerk identified by commission; sql>; set role all except sales_clerk; sql>; set role none; 6.remove role from user sql>; revoke sales_clerk from scott; sql>; revoke hr_manager from public; 7.remove role sql>; drop role hr_manager; 8.display role information view: =>;dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles PHP程序员站--PHP程序员之家
第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY www phperz com
1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat 2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size 3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback >; v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions 4.perform a closed database backup (noarchivelog) >; shutdown immediate >; cp files /backup/ >; startup 5.restore to a different location >; connect system/manager as sysdba >; startup mount >; alter database rename file '/disk1/../user.dbf' to '/disk2/../user.dbf'; >; alter database open; 6.recover syntax --recover a mounted database >;recover database; >;recover datafile '/disk1/data/df2.dbf'; >;alter database recover database; --recover an opened database PHP程序员站 >;recover tablespace user_data; >;recover datafile 2; >;alter database recover datafile 2; 7.how to apply redo log files automatically >;set autorecovery on >;recover automatic datafile 4; 8.complete recovery: --method 1(mounted databae) >;copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf >;startup mount >;recover datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf; >;alter database open; --method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile) >;copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf (alter tablespace offline) >;recover datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf' or >;recover tablespace user_data; >;alter database datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf' online or PHP程序员站 >;alter tablespace user_data online; --method 3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback datafile) >;startup mount >;alter database datafile 'c:\oradata\user.dbf' offline; >;alter database open >;copy c:\backup\user.dbf d:\oradata\user.dbf >;alter database rename file 'c:\oradata\user.dbf' to 'd:\oradata\user.dbf' >;recover datafile 'e:\oradata\user.dbf' or recover tablespace user_data; >;alter tablespace user_data online; --method 4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log) >;alter tablespace user_data offline immediate; >;alter database create datafile 'd:\oradata\user.dbf' as 'c:\oradata\user.dbf'' www phperz com >;recover tablespace user_data; >;alter tablespace user_data online 5.perform an open database backup >; alter tablespace user_data begin backup; >; copy files /backup/ >; alter database datafile '/c:/../data.dbf' end backup; >; alter system switch logfile; 6.backup a control file >; alter database backup controlfile to 'control1.bkp'; >; alter database backup controlfile to trace; 7.recovery (noarchivelog mode) >; shutdown abort >; cp files >; startup 8.recovery of file in backup mode >;alter database datafile 2 end backup; 9.clearing redo log file >;alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1; >;alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 unrecoverable datafile; phperz.com 10.redo log recovery >;alter database add logfile group 3 'c:\oradata\redo03.log' size 1000k; >;alter database drop logfile group 1; >;alter database open; or >;cp c:\oradata\redo02.log' c:\oradata\redo01.log >;alter database clear logfile 'c:\oradata\log01.log'; www phperz com
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