原文:http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/php/2004/12/09/three_tier.html
Three-Tier Development with PHP 5
by Luis Yordano Cruz
12/09/2004 php程序员站
此文演示了PHP三层开发的强大功能,PEAR::DB_DataObject用于业务逻辑,Smarty用于显示逻辑,这里假设你熟 www.phperz.com
悉了HTML,Smarty,PEAR::DB_DataObject,Mysql和PHP5.如果你需要补充知识,下面的文章解释了一些原理: php程序员之家
用PHP DataObject简化业务逻辑
Smarty简介:一个PHP模板引擎
PHP可伸缩性:Myth www.phperz.com
你应该已安装和配置好了Apache,MySQL,和PHP5(或者IIS,MySQL5和PHP) www.phperz.com
PEAR::DB_DataObject
PEAR::DB_DataObject 是一个用户数据库访问的抽象API.它是一个基于PEAR::DB的SQL构建器和数据建模层.它 phperz.com
把数据库表映射到PHP类并且提供像SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,和DELETE这样的公共SQL函数.这使即使不了 phperz.com
解SQL的开发者也可以写出好的数据库访问代码,并且鼓励演示逻辑和业务逻辑有一个清晰的分离. php程序员站
(DB_OO已经移动到的PEAR,现在是DB_DataObject,如果你有老的代码要更新,查看关于从老的db_oo代码更新到 www.phperz.com
DB_DataObjects的注释). php程序员站
相关阅读
Upgrading to PHP 5
By Adam Trachtenberg phperz.com
Table of Contents
Index
Sample Chapter phperz.com
Read Online--Safari Search this book on Safari:
Only This Book All of Safari
Code Fragments only
DataObject performs two tasks. First, it builds SQL statements based on the object's variables and the builder phperz.com
methods. Second, it acts as a datastore for a table row. There's a core class, which you extend for each of www.phperz.com
your tables so that you put the data logic inside the data classes. There's also an included Generator to make www~phperz~com
your configuration files and your base classes. phperz.com
DataObject 执行两个任务.第一,它构建基于对象变量的SQL语句和构建器方法.第二,它作为数据库表的数据存 phperz.com
储.这里有个核心类,对于每个表继承它,以使你把数据逻辑放入数据类中.这里还包括一个生成器, www.phperz.com
DataObject 极大的简化了数据库访问代码,它使开发大型的,数据驱动的站点更加容易.
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At present, Alan Knowles, the lead developer of PEAR::DB_DataObject, is working on a new project called DBDO, www.phperz.com
a C implementation of the PEAR package DB_DataObjects, based on libgda. His goal is to create the next php程序员之家
generation of PEAR::DB_DataObjects. php程序员之家
SMARTY php程序员站
Smarty是一个从web页演示中分离内容的PHP模板引擎.它使用GPL许可. php程序员站
Large projects commonly separate the role of the graphic designer from that of the programmer. However, www~phperz~com
programming in PHP has the tendency to combine those two roles in a person and inside the code. This can bring www.phperz.com
difficulties when it comes time to change some part of the page's design. If the page mixes content and php程序员站
presentation, the developer has to crawl through the program to find the presentation. Smarty helps to solve php程序员之家
this problem. phperz~com
Combining the Two
The first thing to do when starting this project is to create a workspace in which to store the project's code. phperz~com
Then it's time to configure PEAR::DB_DataObject to connect to the MySQL database MySQL (name: example), php程序员站
map the database tables to PHP classes, and then configure Smarty for the presentation tier for the user. Here phperz.com
are those steps in more detail: phperz.com
创建工作环境
php程序员之家
创建一个叫做dataobjects的目录. php程序员之家
www.phperz.com
从命令行安装PEAR::DB_DataObject,键入:
>pear install Date
>pear install DB_DataObject
>pear list php程序员之家
INSTALLED PACKAGES:
===================
PACKAGE VERSION STATE
Archive_Tar 1.2 stable
Console_Getopt 1.2 stable
DB 1.6.5 stable
DB_DataObject 1.7.1 stable *(Goal)
Date 1.4.3 stable
Mail 1.1.3 stable
Net_SMTP 1.2.6 stable
Net_Socket 1.0.2 stable
PEAR 1.3.1 stable php程序员站
PHPUnit 1.0.1 stable
XML_Parser 1.2.0 stable
XML_RPC 1.1.0 stable phperz.com
安装和配置Smarty www.phperz.com
从下载开始,(我使用2.6.5版的Smarty)解压到你自己的目录.从它的libs目录中把Smarty.class.php, phperz~com
Smarty_Compiler.class.php, Config_File.class.php, and debug.tpl文件复制到dataobjects目录中. phperz~com
还要复制core和plugins目录和其中所有的内容.创建几个新的目录,命名为templates, templates_c, configs, phperz.com
和cache. www~phperz~com
最后dataobjects目录包含:
phperz.com
|---- cache
|---- configs
|---- core
|---- plugins
|---- templates
|---- templates_c phperz.com
11/10/2004 11:17 a.m. <DIR> .
11/10/2004 11:17 a.m. <DIR> ..
11/10/2004 11:17 a.m. <DIR> cache
11/10/2004 11:17 a.m. <DIR> configs
11/10/2004 11:17 a.m. <DIR> core
11/10/2004 11:17 a.m. <DIR> plugins
11/10/2004 11:17 a.m. <DIR> templates
11/10/2004 11:17 a.m. <DIR> templates_c
07/09/2004 09:48 a.m. 13,105 Config_File.class.php
16/04/2004 03:03 a.m. 5,117 debug.tpl
10/09/2004 02:15 p.m. 65,350 Smarty.class.php
10/09/2004 07:14 p.m. 90,924 Smarty_Compiler.class.php
4 archivos 174,496 bytes
8 dirs 6,699,454,464 bytes libres www~phperz~com
创建数据库
创建一个名为example的数据库,它包含一个名为User的表,不必担心模式,稍后我们会创建.
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配置PEAR::DB_DataObject
要构建数据对象,创建下面的文件
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configDB.php
<?php
require_once 'DB/DataObject.php';
$config = parse_ini_file('example.ini',TRUE); www.phperz.com
foreach($config as $class=>$values) {
$options = &PEAR::getStaticProperty($class,'options');
$options = $values;
}
?> www~phperz~com
此脚本基于example配置文件中的值创建一个到数据库的连接,显示如下. www~phperz~com
example.ini
[DB_DataObject]
database = mysql://root:@localhost/example
schema_location = /dataobjects/schema/
class_location = /dataobjects/
require_prefix = /dataobjects/
class_prefix = DataObjects_
extends_location = DB/DataObject.php
extends = DB_DataObject www~phperz~com
自动构建数据库模式
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包含两个过程,构建数据库的对象-关系映射,和从example数据库user表中自动创建一个类.在表中的所有字段 php程序员之家
名将成为类成员变量. phperz~com
创建适当的模式:
php程序员之家
C:\PHP\PEAR\DB\DataObject>C:\PHP\php.exe createTables.php \
C:\dataobjects\example.ini www~phperz~com
这将生成User.php文件: php程序员站
<?php
/**
* Table Definition for user
* www.mhzc.cn
*/
require_once 'DB/DataObject.php'; phperz.com
class DataObjects_User extends DB_DataObject
{
###START_AUTOCODE www.phperz.com
/* the code below is auto generated do not remove the above tag */
var $__table = 'user'; // table name
var $user_Id; // int(11) not_null primary_key auto_increment
var $first_Name; // string(30) not_null
var $last_Name; // string(40) not_null
var $email; // string(100) not_null php程序员站
/* Static get */
function staticGet($k,$v=NULL) {
return DB_DataObject::staticGet('DataObjects_User',$k,$v);
} php程序员站
/* the code above is auto generated do not remove the tag below */
###END_AUTOCODE
}
?> php程序员之家
它还会为user表模式生成example.ini配置文件: www~phperz~com
[user]
user_Id = 129
first_Name = 130
last_Name = 130
email = 130 phperz~com
[user__keys]
user_Id = N www.phperz.com
Smarty files
It's time to create several files for Smarty: php程序员站
Smarty文件
现在是创建几个Smarty文件的时候了: phperz.com
include.php
1 <?
2 require('Smarty.class.php');
3 $smarty = new Smarty;
4 $smarty->template_dir = 'templates/';
5 $smarty->compile_dir = 'templates_c/';
6 $smarty->config_dir = 'configs/';
7 $smarty->cache_dir = 'cache/';
?> php程序员之家
此脚本实例化了一个新Smarty对象.设置Smarty属性. www.phperz.com
index.php
1 <?
2 require("include.php");
3 $smarty->assign('TITLE','ACCESS MySQL DATABASE IN THREE TIERS WITH PHP');
4 $smarty->assign('HEADER','WHAT WISH DO ?');
5 $smarty->display('index.tpl');
?> phperz.com
给Smarty模板分配变量. www.phperz.com
insert.php
1 <?
2 require("include.php");
3 $smarty->assign('TITLE','INSERT DATA');
4 $smarty->assign('HEADER','Insert Data');
5 $smarty->assign('data1','First Name');
6 $smarty->assign('data2','Last Name');
7 $smarty->assign('data3','email');
8 $smarty->display('insert.tpl');
?> www~phperz~com
添加将在insert.tpl 使用的变量.调用模板insert.tpl . php程序员站
save.php
1 <?
2 require_once('DB/DataObject.php');
3 require('configDB.php');
4 $user = DB_DataObject::factory('user');
5 $user->first_Name = $x;
6 $user->last_Name = $y;
7 $user->email = $z;
8 $user_Id = $user->insert();
9 $user->update();
10 echo "<script>location.href='index.php'</script>";
11 ?> php程序员之家
This script saves data by using a PEAR::DataObject for the user table. Line 2 loads the class DataObject, and phperz.com
line 3 calls configdb.php to connect to the database. Line 4 creates an instance of a user object (see User.php). phperz~com
Lines 5 through 7 pass the variables collected from the form in insert.tpl ($x, $y, and $z) in order to save the php程序员站
data in the database. The primary key of the table is an autoincrement column, so it doesn't need a value there. php程序员站
Line 8 inserts the object, and line 9 carries out an update. phperz.com
view.php
1 <?
2 require_once('DB/DataObject.php');
3 require('configDB.php');
4 require("include.php");
5 $user = DB_DataObject::factory('user');
6 $user->find();
7 while ($user->fetch()) {
8 $smarty->append('users', array(
'ID' => $user->user_Id,
'FIRSTNAME' => $user->first_Name,
'LASTNAME' => $user->last_Name,
'EMAIL' => $user->email,
));
}
9 $smarty->assign('TITLE','List Users'); php程序员站
10 $smarty->assign('HEADER','List User');
11 $smarty->assign('data0','User_Id');
12 $smarty->assign('data1','First Name');
13 $smarty->assign('data2','Last Name');
14 $smarty->assign('data3','email');
15 $smarty->display('view.tpl');
16 ?> www.phperz.com
此脚本显示所有存储在user表中的数据.它加载PEAR::DataObject 和include.php文件(给smarty模板分配变量).
第5行创建一个user对象的工厂.第6行执行find()方法.SELECT * FROM user从数据库中检索出了数据,通 php程序员之家
过fetch()方法为模板保存数据,一次返回一条记录. www.phperz.com
9 到14行是分配其他的变量给Smarty. phperz~com
这些文件都应当放在dataobjects目录中.
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对于模板,这里有index.tpl,list.tpl,和save.tpl.这里是他们的代码:
phperz.com
index.tpl
1 <html>
2 <head>
3 <title>{$TITLE}</title>
4 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
5 </head>
6 <table align="center">
7 <tr>
8 <td>
9 <b>{$HEADER}</b>
10 </td>
11 </tr>
12 </table>
13 <table width="250" border="1" align="center" >
14 <tr>
16 <td align="center">
17 <input type="button" name="insert" value="Insert"
onclick="javascript:location.href='insert.php';"> phperz.com
18 </td>
19 </tr>
20 <tr>
21 <td align="center">
22 <input type="button" name="view" value="View"
onclick="javascript:location.href='view.php';">
23 </td>
24 </tr>
25 </table>
26 </body>
27 </html> php程序员站
站点主页,它在的3行和第9行分别显示$TITLE 和$HEADER,这些变量值是从index.php传递过来的. www.phperz.com
这个脚本在web浏览器上生成两个按钮,Insert和View,他们有相应的行为.如果用户点击Insert,系统将调
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用Insert.php.如果用户点击View,那么view.php将被调用 www.phperz.com
insert.tpl
1 <html>
2 <head>
3 <title>{$TITLE}</title>
4 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
5 </head>
6 <body>
7 <form name="form1" action="save.php" method="post">
8 <table width="300" border="1" align="center" >
9 <tr>
10 <td align="center">
11 <b>{$HEADER}</b>
12 </td>
13 </tr>
14 <tr>
15 <td> phperz.com
16 {$data1}
17 <input type="text" name="x">
18 </td>
19 </tr>
20 <tr>
21 <td>
22 {$data2}
23 <input type="text" name="y">
24 </td>
25 </tr>
26 <tr>
27 <td>
28 {$data3}
29 <input type="text" name="z"> www.phperz.com
30 </td>
31 </tr>
32 <tr>
33 <td align="center">
34 <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="Add">
35 <input type="button" name="Reset" value="Return/Cancel"
onclick="javascript:location.href='index.php';">
36 </td>
37 </tr>
38 </table>
39 </form>
40 </body>
41 </html> phperz~com
这个模板有一个表单和两个按钮,Add 和Return/Cancel.
phperz.com
用户输入数据,first name,last name 和电子邮件字段.insert.php期望在名为x,y,z的变量中接收这些信息,用户点 php程序员站
击Add按钮将运行save.php.如果用户点击Return/Cancel,将会执行index.php. php程序员站
view.tpl
1 <html>
2 <head>
3 <title>{$TITLE}</title>
4 </head>
5 <body>
6 <table align="center">
7 <tr>
8 <td align="center">
9 <b>{$HEADER}</b>
10 </td>
11 </tr>
12 </table>
13 <table width="500" border="1" align="center">
14 <tr>
16 <td align="center">
17 <b>{$data0}</b>
18 </td>
19 <td align="center"> php程序员站
20 <b>{$data1}</b>
21 </td>
22 <td align="center">
23 <b>{$data2}</b>
24 </td>
25 <td align="center">
26 <b>{$data3}</b>
27 </td>
28 </tr>
29 {section name=display loop=$users}
30 <tr>
31 <td>
32 {$users[display].ID}
33 </td>
34 <td>
35 {$users[display].FIRSTNAME} www.phperz.com
36 </td>
37 <td>
38 {$users[display].LASTNAME}
39 </td>
40 <td>
41 {$users[display].EMAIL}
42 </td>
43 </tr>
44 {/section}
45 <br>
46 </table>
47 <br>
48 <table align="center">
49 <tr>
50 <td align="center">
51 <input name="vol" type="button" value="Return"
onclick="javascript:location.href='index.php';"> phperz~com
52 </td>
53 </tr>
54 </table>
55 </body>
56 </html> phperz~com
这个模板显示所有存储在example数据库中的所有数据. www.phperz.com
最后,Return按钮把用户带回到主页. www.phperz.com
所有的这些(*.tpl)文件必须放在templates目录下. phperz~com
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