发布于 2016-11-18 14:20:00 | 233 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理
AJAX 可用来与数据库进行交互式通信。
下面的实例将演示网页如何通过 AJAX 从数据库读取信息:
在上面的实例中,我们使用的数据库表如下所示:
id | FirstName | LastName | Age | Hometown | Job |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Peter | Griffin | 41 | Quahog | Brewery |
2 | Lois | Griffin | 40 | Newport | Piano Teacher |
3 | Joseph | Swanson | 39 | Quahog | Police Officer |
4 | Glenn | Quagmire | 41 | Quahog | Pilot |
当用户在上面的下拉列表中选择某位用户时,会执行名为 "showUser()" 的函数。该函数由 "onchange" 事件触发:
<html>
<head>
<script>
function showUser(str)
{
if (str=="")
{
document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML="";
return;
}
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{// code for IE6, IE5
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
{
if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
{
document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
xmlhttp.open("GET","getuser.php?q="+str,true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<select name="users" onchange="showUser(this.value)">
<option value="">Select a person:</option>
<option value="1">Peter Griffin</option>
<option value="2">Lois Griffin</option>
<option value="3">Glenn Quagmire</option>
<option value="4">Joseph Swanson</option>
</select>
</form>
<br>
<div id="txtHint"><b>Person info will be listed here.</b></div>
</body>
</html>
showUser() 函数会执行以下步骤:
上面这段通过 JavaScript 调用的服务器页面是名为 "getuser.php" 的 PHP 文件。
"getuser.php" 中的源代码会运行一次针对 MySQL 数据库的查询,然后在 HTML 表格中返回结果:
<?php
$q=$_GET["q"];
$con = mysqli_connect('localhost','peter','abc123','my_db');
if (!$con)
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysqli_error($con));
}
mysqli_select_db($con,"ajax_demo");
$sql="SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = '".$q."'";
$result = mysqli_query($con,$sql);
echo "<table border='1'>
<tr>
<th>Firstname</th>
<th>Lastname</th>
<th>Age</th>
<th>Hometown</th>
<th>Job</th>
</tr>";
while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result))
{
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td>" . $row['FirstName'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['LastName'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['Age'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['Hometown'] . "</td>";
echo "<td>" . $row['Job'] . "</td>";
echo "</tr>";
}
echo "</table>";
mysqli_close($con);
?>
解释:当查询从 JavaScript 发送到 PHP 文件时,将发生: