db.collection.ensureIndex()

发布于 2015-09-14 14:55:05 | 593 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理

db.collection.ensureIndex(keys, options)¶

Creates an index on the field specified, if that index does not already exist.

参数:	keys (document) – A document that contains pairs with the name of the field or fields to index and order of the index. A `1` specifies ascending and a `-1` specifies descending. options (document) – A document that controls the creation of the index. This argument is optional.

警告

Index names, including their full namespace (i.e. database.collection) can be no longer than 128 characters. See the db.collection.getIndexes() field “name” for the names of existing indexes.

Consider the following prototype:

db.collection.ensureIndex({ <key>: 1})

This command creates an index, in ascending order, on the field [key].

If the keys document specifies more than one field, than db.collection.ensureIndex() creates a compound index. To specify a compound index use the following form:

db.collection.ensureIndex({ <key>: 1, <key1>: -1 })

This command creates a compound index on the key field (in ascending order) and key1 field (in descending order.)

注解

The order of an index is important for supporting cursor.sort() operations using the index.

The 索引 section of this manual for full documentation of indexes and indexing in MongoDB.

ensureIndex() provides the following: options

Option	Value	Default
background	`true` or `false`	`false`
unique	`true` or `false`	`false`
name	string	none
cache	`true` or `false`	`true`
dropDups	`true` or `false`	`false`
sparse	`true` or `false`	`false`
expireAfterSeconds	integer	none
v	index version	1

Options:

Options:	background (Boolean) – Specify `true` to build the index in the background so that building an index will not block other database activities. unique (Boolean) – Specify `true` to create a unique index so that the collection will not accept insertion of documents where the index key or keys matches an existing value in the index. name (string) – Specify the name of the index. If unspecified, MongoDB will generate an index name by concatenating the names of the indexed fields and the sort order. cache (Boolean) – Specify `false` to prevent caching of this `db.collection.ensureIndex()` call in the index cache. dropDups (Boolean) – Specify `true` when creating a unique index, on a field that may have duplicate to index only the first occurrence of a key, and remove all documents from the collection that contain subsequent occurrences of that key. sparse (Boolean) – If `true`, the index only references documents with the specified field. These indexes use less space, but behave differently in some situations (particularly sorts.) expireAfterSeconds (integer) – Specify a value, in seconds, as a TTL to control how long MongoDB will retain documents in this collection. See “通过设置TTL使集合中的数据过期” for more information on this functionality. v – Only specify a different index version in unusual situations. The latest index version (version 1) provides a smaller and faster index format.

background (Boolean) – Specify true to build the index in the background so that building an index will not block other database activities.
unique (Boolean) – Specify true to create a unique index so that the collection will not accept insertion of documents where the index key or keys matches an existing value in the index.
name (string) – Specify the name of the index. If unspecified, MongoDB will generate an index name by concatenating the names of the indexed fields and the sort order.
cache (Boolean) – Specify false to prevent caching of this db.collection.ensureIndex() call in the index cache.
dropDups (Boolean) – Specify true when creating a unique index, on a field that may have duplicate to index only the first occurrence of a key, and remove all documents from the collection that contain subsequent occurrences of that key.
sparse (Boolean) – If true, the index only references documents with the specified field. These indexes use less space, but behave differently in some situations (particularly sorts.)
expireAfterSeconds (integer) – Specify a value, in seconds, as a TTL to control how long MongoDB will retain documents in this collection. See “通过设置TTL使集合中的数据过期” for more information on this functionality.
v – Only specify a different index version in unusual situations. The latest index version (version 1) provides a smaller and faster index format.

Please be aware of the following behaviors of ensureIndex():

To add or change index options you must drop the index using the db.collection.dropIndex() and issue another ensureIndex() operation with the new options.

If you create an index with one set of options, and then issue ensureIndex() method command with the same index fields and different options without first dropping the index, ensureIndex() will not rebuild the existing index with the new options.
If you call multiple ensureIndex() methods with the same index specification at the same time, only the first operation will succeed, all other operations will have no effect.
Non-background indexing operations will block all other operations on a database.
You cannot stop a foreground index build once it’s begun. See the Monitor and Control Index Building for more information.

[1]	The default index version depends on the version of `mongod` running when creating the index. Before version 2.0, the this value was 0; versions 2.0 and later use version 1.

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