发布于 2015-07-28 15:14:48 | 162 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理
Many-to-Many 多对多的映射可以使用一组Java集合不包含任何重复的元素来实现。我们已经看到了Hibernate如何设置映射集合。
集(SET)被映射到与映射表中<set>元素,并以java.util.HashSet初始化。您可以使用Set集合在类中时,集合不需要重复的元素。
考虑一个情况下,我们需要员工记录存储在EMPLOYEE表,将有以下结构:
create table EMPLOYEE (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
salary INT default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
此外,假设每个雇员可具有一个或多个与他/她的和类似的证书相关联的证书可以与一个以上的雇员相关联。我们将存储证书的相关信息在一个单独的表,该表具有以下结构:
create table CERTIFICATE (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
certificate_name VARCHAR(30) default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
我们可以实现员工和证书对象之间的许多一对多的关系,我们就必须引入具有员工ID和证书编号如下多一个中间表:
create table EMP_CERT (
employee_id INT NOT NULL,
certificate_id INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (employee_id,certificate_id)
);
让我们实现我们的POJO员工类将被用于保存与EMPLOYEE表中的对象和有证书的集变量的集合。
import java.util.*;
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int salary;
private Set certificates;
public Employee() {}
public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
this.firstName = fname;
this.lastName = lname;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
this.firstName = first_name;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
this.lastName = last_name;
}
public int getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary( int salary ) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Set getCertificates() {
return certificates;
}
public void setCertificates( Set certificates ) {
this.certificates = certificates;
}
}
现在让我们定义另一个POJO类对应的表的证书,这样的证书对象可以存储和检索到的证书表。这个类还应该同时实现了equals()和hashCode()方法,使Java可以判断任意两个元素/对象是否相同。
public class Certificate {
private int id;
private String name;
public Certificate() {}
public Certificate(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName( String name ) {
this.name = name;
}
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj == null) return false;
if (!this.getClass().equals(obj.getClass())) return false;
Certificate obj2 = (Certificate)obj;
if((this.id == obj2.getId()) && (this.name.equals(obj2.getName())))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
public int hashCode() {
int tmp = 0;
tmp = ( id + name ).hashCode();
return tmp;
}
}
我们指示Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表的映射文件。<SET>元素将被用于定义多对一对多关系的规则。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the employee detail.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<set name="certificates" cascade="save-update" table="EMP_CERT">
<key column="employee_id"/>
<many-to-many column="certificate_id" class="Certificate"/>
</set>
<property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
<property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
<property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
</class>
<class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the certificate records.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
应该保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。我们保存映射文件Employee.hbm.xml。你已经熟悉了大部分的映射细节,但让我们再次看看映射文件中的所有元素:
映射文档是具有<hibernate-mapping>为对应于每一个类包含2个<class>元素的根元素的XML文档。
<class>元素被用于定义数据库表从一个Java类特定的映射。Java类名指定使用class元素的name属性和使用表属性数据库表名指定。
<meta>元素是可选元素,可以用来创建类的描述。
<id>元素映射在类中的唯一ID属性到数据库表的主键。 id元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
id元素内的<generator>元素被用来自动生成的主键值。将生成元素的class属性设置为原生让Hibernate拾取无论是identity,sequence还是hilo的算法来创建主键根据底层数据库的支持能力。
<property>元素用于一个Java类的属性映射到数据库表中的列。元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。
<SET> 元素设置证书和Employee类之间的关系。我们设置cascade属性来保存更新,告诉Hibernate来保存证书对象保存,即在同一时间为 Employee对象创建和更新操作。 name属性被设置为在父类中定义的变量设置,它是证书。对于每一组变量,我们需要定义在映射文件中单独的一组元素。在这里,我们使用name属性到中间 表名设置为EMP_CERT。
<key>元素是包含外键的父对象,即在EMP_CERT表中的列。表EMPLOYEE和链接在证书表中的certification_id。
<many-to-many>这个元素表示一个Employee对象涉及到很多证书的对象和列属性用于链接的中间表EMP_CERT。
最后,我们将创建应用程序类的main()方法来运行应用程序。我们将使用这个应用程序,以节省一些员工的记录连同证书,然后我们将应用CRUD操作上的记录。
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */
HashSet certificates = new HashSet();
certificates.add(new Certificate("MCA"));
certificates.add(new Certificate("MBA"));
certificates.add(new Certificate("PMP"));
/* Add employee records in the database */
Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, certificates);
/* Add another employee record in the database */
Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, certificates);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
/* Update employee's salary records */
ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);
/* Delete an employee from the database */
ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
}
/* Method to add an employee record in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname,
int salary, Set cert){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
employee.setCertificates(cert);
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to list all the employees detail */
public void listEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();
for (Iterator iterator1 =
employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next();
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
Set certificates = employee.getCertificates();
for (Iterator iterator2 =
certificates.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();){
Certificate certName = (Certificate) iterator2.next();
System.out.println("Certificate: " + certName.getName());
}
}
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to update salary for an employee */
public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
employee.setSalary( salary );
session.update(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to delete an employee from the records */
public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee =
(Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);
session.delete(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
}
下面是步骤来编译并运行上述应用程序。请确保您已在进行的编译和执行之前,适当地设置PATH和CLASSPATH。
创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件
创建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件,如上图所示。
创建Employee.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。
创建Certificate.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。
创建ManageEmployee.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。
执行ManageEmployee二进制文件来运行程序。
在屏幕上获得以下结果,并同时记录会在员工,EMP_CERT和证书表被创建。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
Certificate: MCA
First Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
Certificate: MCA
First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
Certificate: MCA
如果检查员工,EMP_CERT和证书表,就应该记录下了:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 22 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from CERTIFICATE;
+----+------------------+
| id | certificate_name |
+----+------------------+
| 4 | MBA |
| 5 | PMP |
| 6 | MCA |
+----+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from EMP_CERT;
+-------------+----------------+
| employee_id | certificate_id |
+-------------+----------------+
| 22 | 4 |
| 22 | 5 |
| 22 | 6 |
+-------------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>