发布于 2015-07-28 15:17:23 | 436 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理
Hibernate提供了操作对象，并依次数据在RDBMS表可用的备用方式。其中一个方法是标准的API，它允许你建立一个标准的查询对象编程，可以套用过滤规则和逻辑条件。
Hibernate的Session接口提供了可用于创建一个返回的持久化对象的类的实例时，应用程序执行一个条件查询一个Criteria对象createCriteria()方法。
以下是最简单的一个条件查询的例子是将简单地返回对应于Employee类的每个对象。
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
List results = cr.list();
可以使用add（）方法可用于Criteria对象添加限制条件查询。下面是例子增加一个限制与薪水返回的记录是等于2000：
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
cr.add(Restrictions.eq("salary", 2000));
List results = cr.list();
以下是几个例子覆盖不同的场景，并且可以根据要求使用：
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
// To get records having salary more than 2000
cr.add(Restrictions.gt("salary", 2000));
// To get records having salary less than 2000
cr.add(Restrictions.lt("salary", 2000));
// To get records having fistName starting with zara
cr.add(Restrictions.like("firstName", "zara%"));
// Case sensitive form of the above restriction.
cr.add(Restrictions.ilike("firstName", "zara%"));
// To get records having salary in between 1000 and 2000
cr.add(Restrictions.between("salary", 1000, 2000));
// To check if the given property is null
cr.add(Restrictions.isNull("salary"));
// To check if the given property is not null
cr.add(Restrictions.isNotNull("salary"));
// To check if the given property is empty
cr.add(Restrictions.isEmpty("salary"));
// To check if the given property is not empty
cr.add(Restrictions.isNotEmpty("salary"));
可以创建AND或OR使用LogicalExpression限制如下条件：
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
Criterion salary = Restrictions.gt("salary", 2000);
Criterion name = Restrictions.ilike("firstNname","zara%");
// To get records matching with OR condistions
LogicalExpression orExp = Restrictions.or(salary, name);
cr.add( orExp );
// To get records matching with AND condistions
LogicalExpression andExp = Restrictions.and(salary, name);
cr.add( andExp );
List results = cr.list();
虽然上述所有条件，可以直接使用HQL在前面的教程中介绍。
还有的标准接口，用于分页的两种方法。
| S.N. | 方法 & 描述 |
|---|---|
| 1 | public Criteria setFirstResult(int firstResult) This method takes an integer that represents the first row in your result set, starting with row 0. |
| 2 | public Criteria setMaxResults(int maxResults) This method tells Hibernate to retrieve a fixed number maxResults of objects. |
采用上述两种方法一起，我们可以在我们的网站或Swing应用程序构建一个分页组件。下面是例子，可以扩展来每次获取10行：
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
cr.setFirstResult(1);
cr.setMaxResults(10);
List results = cr.list();
标准的API提供了org.hibernate.criterion.Order类排序按升序或降序排列你的结果集，根据对象的属性。这个例子演示了如何使用Order类的结果集进行排序：
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
// To get records having salary more than 2000
cr.add(Restrictions.gt("salary", 2000));
// To sort records in descening order
crit.addOrder(Order.desc("salary"));
// To sort records in ascending order
crit.addOrder(Order.asc("salary"));
List results = cr.list();
该Criteria API提供了一个org.hibernate.criterion.Projections类可用于获取平均值，最大值或最小值的属性值。 Projections类是类似于类限制，因为它提供了几个静态工厂方法用于获得Projection 实例。 provides the
以下是涉及不同的方案的一些例子，可按规定使用：
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
// To get total row count.
cr.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
// To get average of a property.
cr.setProjection(Projections.avg("salary"));
// To get distinct count of a property.
cr.setProjection(Projections.countDistinct("firstName"));
// To get maximum of a property.
cr.setProjection(Projections.max("salary"));
// To get minimum of a property.
cr.setProjection(Projections.min("salary"));
// To get sum of a property.
cr.setProjection(Projections.sum("salary"));
考虑下面的POJO类：
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int salary;
public Employee() {}
public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
this.firstName = fname;
this.lastName = lname;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
this.firstName = first_name;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
this.lastName = last_name;
}
public int getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary( int salary ) {
this.salary = salary;
}
}
让我们创建下面的EMPLOYEE表来存储Employee对象：
create table EMPLOYEE (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
salary INT default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
以下将被映射文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
<meta attribute="class-description">
This class contains the employee detail.
</meta>
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
<property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
<property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
最后，我们将创建应用程序类的main（）方法来运行，我们将使用Criteria查询的应用程序：
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Restrictions;
import org.hibernate.criterion.Projections;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Add few employee records in database */
Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Zara", "Ali", 2000);
Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Daisy", "Das", 5000);
Integer empID3 = ME.addEmployee("John", "Paul", 5000);
Integer empID4 = ME.addEmployee("Mohd", "Yasee", 3000);
/* List down all the employees */
ME.listEmployees();
/* Print Total employee's count */
ME.countEmployee();
/* Print Toatl salary */
ME.totalSalary();
}
/* Method to CREATE an employee in the database */
public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
return employeeID;
}
/* Method to READ all the employees having salary more than 2000 */
public void listEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
// Add restriction.
cr.add(Restrictions.gt("salary", 2000));
List employees = cr.list();
for (Iterator iterator =
employees.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){
Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next();
System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());
System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());
System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
}
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to print total number of records */
public void countEmployee(){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
// To get total row count.
cr.setProjection(Projections.rowCount());
List rowCount = cr.list();
System.out.println("Total Coint: " + rowCount.get(0) );
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
/* Method to print sum of salaries */
public void totalSalary(){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
try{
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Criteria cr = session.createCriteria(Employee.class);
// To get total salary.
cr.setProjection(Projections.sum("salary"));
List totalSalary = cr.list();
System.out.println("Total Salary: " + totalSalary.get(0) );
tx.commit();
}catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
session.close();
}
}
}
下面是步骤来编译并运行上述应用程序。请确保您已在进行的编译和执行之前，适当地设置PATH和CLASSPATH。
创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件中配置章节解释。
创建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件，如上图所示。
创建Employee.java源文件，如上图所示，并编译它。
创建ManageEmployee.java源文件，如上图所示，并编译它。
执行ManageEmployee二进制运行程序.
会得到以下结果，并记录将创建在EMPLOYEE表中。
$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........
First Name: Daisy Last Name: Das Salary: 5000
First Name: John Last Name: Paul Salary: 5000
First Name: Mohd Last Name: Yasee Salary: 3000
Total Coint: 4
Total Salary: 15000
如果检查EMPLOYEE表，它应该记录如下：
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 14 | Zara | Ali | 2000 |
| 15 | Daisy | Das | 5000 |
| 16 | John | Paul | 5000 |
| 17 | Mohd | Yasee | 3000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>