发布于 2015-07-28 15:19:13 | 100 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理

集合Set是一个java集合不包含任何重复的元素。更正式地说,Set不包含任何元素对e1和e2,使得e1.equals(e2),和至多一个空元素。所以被添加到一组对象必须实现equals()和hashCode()方法,使Java可以判断任何两个元素/对象是否是相同的。 

集被映射到与映射表中<set>元素,并在java.util.HashSet中初始化。可以使用Set集合在类时,有一个集合中不需要重复的元素。

定义RDBMS表:

考虑一个情况下,我们需要我们的员工记录存储在EMPLOYEE表,有以下结构:


create table EMPLOYEE (
   id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
   first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
   last_name  VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
   salary     INT  default NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

此外,假设每个员工都可以有一个或多个与他/她相关的证书。因此,我们将存储证书的相关信息在一个单独的表,该表具有以下结构:


create table CERTIFICATE (
   id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
   certificate_name VARCHAR(30) default NULL,
   employee_id INT default NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

将有一个对多EMPLOYEE和证书对象之间的关系:

定义POJO类:

让我们实现我们的POJO类员工将被用于保存与EMPLOYEE表中的对象和有凭证的设置变量的集合。


import java.util.*;

public class Employee {
   private int id;
   private String firstName; 
   private String lastName;   
   private int salary;
   private Set certificates;

   public Employee() {}
   public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
      this.firstName = fname;
      this.lastName = lname;
      this.salary = salary;
   }
   public int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setId( int id ) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public String getFirstName() {
      return firstName;
   }
   public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
      this.firstName = first_name;
   }
   public String getLastName() {
      return lastName;
   }
   public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
      this.lastName = last_name;
   }
   public int getSalary() {
      return salary;
   }
   public void setSalary( int salary ) {
      this.salary = salary;
   }

   public Set getCertificates() {
      return certificates;
   }
   public void setCertificates( Set certificates ) {
      this.certificates = certificates;
   }
}

现在让我们定义另一个POJO类对应的表的证书,这样的证书对象可以存储和检索到的CERTIFICATE表。这个类还应该同时实现了equals()和hashCode()方法,使Java可以判断任意两个元素/对象是否相同。


public class Certificate {
   private int id;
   private String name; 

   public Certificate() {}
   public Certificate(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public int getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setId( int id ) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public void setName( String name ) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public boolean equals(Object obj) {
      if (obj == null) return false;
      if (!this.getClass().equals(obj.getClass())) return false;

      Certificate obj2 = (Certificate)obj;
      if((this.id == obj2.getId()) && (this.name.equals(obj2.getName())))
      {
         return true;
      }
      return false;
   }
   public int hashCode() {
      int tmp = 0;
      tmp = ( id + name ).hashCode();
      return tmp;
   }
}

定义Hibernate映射文件:

让我们开发指定Hibernate如何定义的类映射到数据库表的映射文件。<SET>元素将被用来定义用于设置集合的规则。


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
 "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
 "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> 

<hibernate-mapping>
   <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE">
      <meta attribute="class-description">
         This class contains the employee detail. 
      </meta>
      <id name="id" type="int" column="id">
         <generator class="native"/>
      </id>
      <set name="certificates" cascade="all">
         <key column="employee_id"/>
         <one-to-many class="Certificate"/>
      </set>
      <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/>
      <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/>
      <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/>
   </class>

   <class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE">
      <meta attribute="class-description">
         This class contains the certificate records. 
      </meta>
      <id name="id" type="int" column="id">
         <generator class="native"/>
      </id>
      <property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/>
   </class>

</hibernate-mapping>

应该保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。保存映射文件中的文件Employee.hbm.xml。已经熟悉了大部分的映射细节,映射文件中的所有元素:

  • 映射文档是具有<hibernate-mapping>为对应于每个类包含2个<class>元素的根元素的XML文档。

  • 在<class>元素被用于定义数据库表从一个Java类特定的映射。 Java类名指定使用class元素的name属性和使用表属性数据库表名指定。

  • <meta>元素是可选元素,可以用来创建类的描述。

  • <id>元素映射在类中的唯一ID属性到数据库表的主键。 id元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。

  • id元素内的<generator>元素被用来自动生成的主键值。将生成元素的class属性设置为原始的让Hibernate拾取,无论是identity,sequence或者hilo的算法来创建主键根据底层数据库的支持能力。

  • <property>元素用于一个Java类的属性映射到数据库表中的列。元素的name属性是指属性的类和column属性是指在数据库表中的列。 type属性保存了Hibernate映射类型,这种类型的映射将会从Java转换为SQL数据类型。

  • <SET> 元素是新的,已被引入到设置CERTIFICATE 和Employee类之间的关系。我们使用cascade属性中的<set>元素来告诉 Hibernate来保存CERTIFICATE 对象,同时为Employee对象。name属性被设置为在父类中的定义设置变量,在我们的情况下,它 是CERTIFICATE 。对于每一组变量,我们需要定义在映射文件中单独的一组元素。

  • <key>元素是包含外键的父对象,即在certificate表中的列。表EMPLOYEE。

  • <one- to-many>元素表示一个Employee对象涉及到很多证书的对象,并因此,证书对象必须有与父Employee有关。可以根据需要使用任何 和<one-to-one>,<many-to-one>进行或<many-to-many>这个元素。

创建应用程序类:

最后,我们将创建应用程序类的main()方法来运行应用程序。我们将使用这个应用程序,以节省一些员工的记录地连同凭证,然后我们将申请CRUD操作上的记录。


import java.util.*;
 
import org.hibernate.HibernateException; 
import org.hibernate.Session; 
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class ManageEmployee {
   private static SessionFactory factory; 
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      try{
         factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
      }catch (Throwable ex) { 
         System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
         throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); 
      }
      ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
      /* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee  */
      HashSet set1 = new HashSet();
      set1.add(new Certificate("MCA"));
      set1.add(new Certificate("MBA"));
      set1.add(new Certificate("PMP"));
     
      /* Add employee records in the database */
      Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set1);

      /* Another set of certificates for the second employee  */
      HashSet set2 = new HashSet();
      set2.add(new Certificate("BCA"));
      set2.add(new Certificate("BA"));

      /* Add another employee record in the database */
      Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, set2);

      /* List down all the employees */
      ME.listEmployees();

      /* Update employee's salary records */
      ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);

      /* Delete an employee from the database */
      ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);

      /* List down all the employees */
      ME.listEmployees();

   }

   /* Method to add an employee record in the database */
   public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, 
                                            int salary, Set cert){
      Session session = factory.openSession();
      Transaction tx = null;
      Integer employeeID = null;
      try{
         tx = session.beginTransaction();
         Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
         employee.setCertificates(cert);
         employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee); 
         tx.commit();
      }catch (HibernateException e) {
         if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      }finally {
         session.close(); 
      }
      return employeeID;
   }

   /* Method to list all the employees detail */
   public void listEmployees( ){
      Session session = factory.openSession();
      Transaction tx = null;
      try{
         tx = session.beginTransaction();
         List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list(); 
         for (Iterator iterator1 = 
                           employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){
            Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next(); 
            System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName()); 
            System.out.print("  Last Name: " + employee.getLastName()); 
            System.out.println("  Salary: " + employee.getSalary());
            Set certificates = employee.getCertificates();
            for (Iterator iterator2 = 
                         certificates.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();){
                  Certificate certName = (Certificate) iterator2.next(); 
                  System.out.println("Certificate: " + certName.getName()); 
            }
         }
         tx.commit();
      }catch (HibernateException e) {
         if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      }finally {
         session.close(); 
      }
   }
   /* Method to update salary for an employee */
   public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){
      Session session = factory.openSession();
      Transaction tx = null;
      try{
         tx = session.beginTransaction();
         Employee employee = 
                    (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); 
         employee.setSalary( salary );
         session.update(employee);
         tx.commit();
      }catch (HibernateException e) {
         if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      }finally {
         session.close(); 
      }
   }
   /* Method to delete an employee from the records */
   public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){
      Session session = factory.openSession();
      Transaction tx = null;
      try{
         tx = session.beginTransaction();
         Employee employee = 
                   (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); 
         session.delete(employee); 
         tx.commit();
      }catch (HibernateException e) {
         if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
         e.printStackTrace(); 
      }finally {
         session.close(); 
      }
   }
}

编译和执行:

下面是步骤来编译并运行上述应用程序。请确保已在进行的编译和执行之前,适当地设置PATH和CLASSPATH。

  • 创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件中配置章节解释。

  • 创建Employee.hbm.xml映射文件,如上图所示。

  • 创建Employee.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。

  • 创建Certificate.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。

  • 创建ManageEmployee.java源文件,如上图所示,并编译它。

  • 执行ManageEmployee二进制文件来运行程序。

会在屏幕上获得以下结果,并同时记录会在员工和证书表被创建。


$java ManageEmployee
.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........

First Name: Manoj  Last Name: Kumar  Salary: 4000
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
Certificate: MCA
First Name: Dilip  Last Name: Kumar  Salary: 3000
Certificate: BCA
Certificate: BA
First Name: Manoj  Last Name: Kumar  Salary: 5000
Certificate: MBA
Certificate: PMP
Certificate: MCA

如果检查员工和证书表,就应该记录下了:


mysql> select * from employee;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| 1  | Manoj      | Kumar     |   5000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from certificate;
+----+------------------+-------------+
| id | certificate_name | employee_id |
+----+------------------+-------------+
| 1  | MBA              |          1  |
| 2  | PMP              |          1  |
| 3  | MCA              |          1  |
+----+------------------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
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