发布于 2016-02-06 13:04:28 | 292 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网友投递
Zabbix 分布式系统监视系统
zabbix是一个基于WEB界面的提供分布式系统监视以及网络监视功能的企业级的开源解决方案。
zabbix能监视各种网络参数，保证服务器系统的安全运营；并提供灵活的通知机制以让系统管理员快速定位/解决存在的各种问题。
这篇文章主要介绍了zabbix进行数据库备份以及表分区的方法,需要的朋友可以参考下
由于测试环境上面使用的zabbix服务器配置比较低，经常会遇到性能瓶颈（主要是数据库和磁盘I/O等），于是倒逼我使用了一些方式来缓解这些问题。
主要是以前使用的那个备份数据库的脚本是对zabbix数据库进行全备的，使用的又是mysql自带的工具mysqldump，当数据量大了之后进行全备所花的时间比较长，这样将会造成数据库的锁读。。。从而使zabbix服务以为mysql死掉了，产生一大堆的报警。
后来发现原来造成数据库数据量大量增加的是zabbix数据库中的一些存储数据的大表导致的。于是备份数据库的时候可以选择跳过这些表进行备份，这样，将大大减少数据库备份所花的时间（PS：之前备份数据库所花时间在十分钟左右，现在跳过大表备份，所花时间在1S左右就能备份完，大大缩短了备份数据库时间）。
下面就贴出某位大神写的专门为zabbix数据库做备份以及恢复的脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#author: itnihao
red='\e[0;31m' # 红色
RED='\e[1;31m'
green='\e[0;32m' # 绿色
GREEN='\e[1;32m'
blue='\e[0;34m' # 蓝色
BLUE='\e[1;34m'
purple='\e[0;35m' # 紫色
PURPLE='\e[1;35m'
NC='\e[0m' # 没有颜色
source /etc/bashrc
source /etc/profile
MySQL_USER=zabbix
MySQL_PASSWORD=zabbix
MySQL_HOST=localhost
MySQL_PORT=3306
MySQL_DUMP_PATH=/opt/backup
MYSQL_BIN_PATH=/opt/software/mysql/bin/mysql
MYSQL_DUMP_BIN_PATH=/opt/software/mysql/bin/mysqldump
MySQL_DATABASE_NAME=zabbix
DATE=$(date '+%Y%m%d')
MySQLDUMP () {
[ -d ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} ] || mkdir ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}
cd ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}
[ -d logs ] || mkdir logs
[ -d ${DATE} ] || mkdir ${DATE}
cd ${DATE}
#TABLE_NAME_ALL=$(${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} -e "show tables"|egrep -v "(Tables_in_zabbix)")
TABLE_NAME_ALL=$(${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} -e "show tables"|egrep -v "(Tables_in_zabbix|history*|trends*|acknowledges|alerts|auditlog|events|service_alarms)")
for TABLE_NAME in ${TABLE_NAME_ALL}
do
${MYSQL_DUMP_BIN_PATH} --opt -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -P${MySQL_PORT} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} ${TABLE_NAME} >${TABLE_NAME}.sql
sleep 0.01
done
[ "$?" == 0 ] && echo "${DATE}: Backup zabbix succeed" >> ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/logs/ZabbixMysqlDump.log
[ "$?" != 0 ] && echo "${DATE}: Backup zabbix not succeed" >> ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/logs/ZabbixMysqlDump.log
cd ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}/
rm -rf $(date +%Y%m%d --date='5 days ago')
exit 0
}
MySQLImport () {
cd ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH}
DATE=$(ls ${MySQL_DUMP_PATH} |egrep "\b^[0-9]+$\b")
echo -e "${green}${DATE}"
echo -e "${blue}what DATE do you want to import,please input date:${NC}"
read SELECT_DATE
if [ -d "${SELECT_DATE}" ];then
echo -e "you select is ${green}${SELECT_DATE}${NC}, do you want to contine,if,input ${red}(yes|y|Y)${NC},else then exit"
read Input
[[ 'yes|y|Y' =~ "${Input}" ]]
status="$?"
if [ "${status}" == "0" ];then
echo "now import SQL....... Please wait......."
else
exit 1
fi
cd ${SELECT_DATE}
for PER_TABEL_SQL in $(ls *.sql)
do
${MYSQL_BIN_PATH} -u${MySQL_USER} -p${MySQL_PASSWORD} -h${MySQL_HOST} ${MySQL_DATABASE_NAME} < ${PER_TABEL_SQL}
echo -e "import ${PER_TABEL_SQL} ${PURPLE}........................${NC}"
done
echo "Finish import SQL,Please check Zabbix database"
else
echo "Don't exist ${SELECT_DATE} DIR"
fi
}
case "$1" in
MySQLDUMP|mysqldump)
MySQLDUMP
;;
MySQLImport|mysqlimport)
MySQLImport
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {(MySQLDUMP|mysqldump) (MySQLImport|mysqlimport)}"
;;
esac
该脚本源出处在这https://github.com/itnihao/zabbix-book/blob/master/03-chapter/Zabbix_MySQLdump_per_table_v2.sh
我这是在大神的脚本上做了修改之后形成的适合我自己备份的脚本，各位也可以自行修改成适合自己的备份脚本。这个脚本实现的效果上面已经说了，之前做全备的时候差不多有4G左右的数据量，现在只备份配置文件数据量只有不到10M，果断大大节省时间以及空间呀。
不过这样的话将无法保证数据的备份，我目前考虑使用xtradbbackup对数据进行增量备份，目前还未实现，留待过两天做吧。
好了，关于数据库备份的事情搞了，然后还需要对大数据量的表进行表分区，参考了zabbix官网的一篇文章https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition 各位有兴趣的话可以去看看，我这里将其总结在了一起，更加方便一点。
表分区可以对大数据量的表进行物理上的拆分成多个文件，但是逻辑上来看，还是一张表，对应用程序是透明的。另外，将这一张大表拆分成很多小表的话将使得数据查询速度能够更快。还可以随时删除旧的数据分区，删除过期数据。这种方式适用于大数据量的表，但是查询量比较少的应用场景。如果是大数据量的表，又有大量查询的话建议还是进行分库分表操作。
好了，不多扯了，开始作业了。
首先，登录数据库(PS:这个就不演示了)
然后登陆到zabbix库中修改两张表的结构：
use zabbix;
Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);
Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);
修改完之后再按照官网上的过程创建四个存储过程：
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
*/
/*
Verify that the partition does not already exist
*/
DECLARE RETROWS INT;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;
IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
/*
1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
3. Execute the SQL from #2.
*/
SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END
$$DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
*/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);
/*
Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with
a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
*/
DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT partition_name
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
/*
Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create
@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
should be deleted.
*/
SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
SET @drop_partitions = "";
/*
Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
*/
OPEN myCursor;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
IF done THEN
LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
END LOOP;
IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
/*
1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
*/
SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
ELSE
/*
No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
that no changes were made.
*/
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;
CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
SET @__interval = 1;
create_loop: LOOP
IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
LEAVE create_loop;
END IF;
SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
END LOOP;
SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
/*
* Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
*/
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
/*
* If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
*/
IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
/*
* Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
*/
SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
-- Create the partitioning query
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");
-- Run the partitioning query
PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
上面四个存储过程执行后将可以使用
CALL partition_maintenance('<zabbix_db_name>', '<table_name>', <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>)
命令对想要分区的表进行表分区了。其中的参数我这里解释一下。
这是举例：
CALL partition_maintenance(zabbix, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14);
zabbix_db_name：库名
table_name：表名
days_to_keep_data：保存多少天的数据
hourly_interval：每隔多久生成一个分区
num_future_intervals_to_create：本次一共生成多少个分区
这个例子就是history_uint表最多保存31天的数据，每隔24小时生成一个分区，这次一共生成14个分区
这里可以将上面四个存储过程保存为一个文件，导入到数据库中，文件我稍后将会放在附件中，这里使用的命令是：mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix<partition_call.sql
然后可以将CALL统一调用也做成一个文件，统一调用的内容如下：
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 31, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 180, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 180, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
也将该文件导入到数据库中，使用命令：mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix<partition_all.sql
好了，到了这里之后就可以使用如下命令执行表分区了：
mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"
+----------------+--------------------+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+----------------+--------------------+
| zabbix.history | N/A |
+----------------+--------------------+
+--------------------+--------------------+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+--------------------+--------------------+
| zabbix.history_log | N/A |
+--------------------+--------------------+
+--------------------+--------------------+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+--------------------+--------------------+
| zabbix.history_str | N/A |
+--------------------+--------------------+
+---------------------+--------------------+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+---------------------+--------------------+
| zabbix.history_text | N/A |
+---------------------+--------------------+
+---------------------+--------------------+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+---------------------+--------------------+
| zabbix.history_uint | N/A |
+---------------------+--------------------+
+---------------+--------------------+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+---------------+--------------------+
| zabbix.trends | N/A |
+---------------+--------------------+
+--------------------+--------------------+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+--------------------+--------------------+
| zabbix.trends_uint | N/A |
+--------------------+--------------------+
看到如下结果证明所有7张表都进行了表分区，也可以在Mysql的数data目录下看到新生成的表分区文件。（PS:注意，最好是清空history_uint表的数据之后再执行上面这条命令，否则因为这张表数据量太大，转换时间将会好长，清空表中数据的命令为： truncate table history_uint;）
好了，这样可以进行表分区了。
将上面这条命令写入到计划任务中如下：
crontab -l|tail -1
01 01 * * * /opt/software/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"
每天晚上的1点01执行一次。还有之前写的备份数据库的脚本也需要执行计划任务每天的凌晨0点01执行备份：
crontab -l|tail -2|head -1
01 00 * * * /usr/local/scripts/Zabbix_MySQLdump_per_table_v2.sh mysqldump
这样就大功告成了，之后再体验一下zabbix的web页面看是不是感觉比以前快了？