发布于 2015-08-30 07:41:22 | 150 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理
Python的datetime模块中有工具函数和类可以帮助你执行这样的计算。 下面是对类似这样的问题的一个通用解决方案：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Topic: 最后的周五
Desc :
"""
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
weekdays = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday',
'Friday', 'Saturday', 'Sunday']
def get_previous_byday(dayname, start_date=None):
if start_date is None:
start_date = datetime.today()
day_num = start_date.weekday()
day_num_target = weekdays.index(dayname)
days_ago = (7 + day_num - day_num_target) % 7
if days_ago == 0:
days_ago = 7
target_date = start_date - timedelta(days=days_ago)
return target_date
在交互式解释器中使用如下：
>>> datetime.today() # For reference
datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 28, 22, 4, 30, 263076)
>>> get_previous_byday('Monday')
datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 27, 22, 3, 57, 29045)
>>> get_previous_byday('Tuesday') # Previous week, not today
datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 21, 22, 4, 12, 629771)
>>> get_previous_byday('Friday')
datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 24, 22, 5, 9, 911393)
>>>
可选的start_date参数可以由另外一个datetime实例来提供。比如：
>>> get_previous_byday('Sunday', datetime(2012, 12, 21))
datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 16, 0, 0)
>>>
上面的算法原理是这样的：先将开始日期和目标日期映射到星期数组的位置上(星期一索引为0)， 然后通过模运算计算出目标日期要经过多少天才能到达开始日期。然后用开始日期减去那个时间差即得到结果日期。
如果你要像这样执行大量的日期计算的话，你最好安装第三方包python-dateutil来代替。
比如，下面是是使用dateutil模块中的 relativedelta() 函数执行同样的计算：
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
>>> from dateutil.rrule import *
>>> d = datetime.now()
>>> print(d)
2012-12-23 16:31:52.718111
>>> # Next Friday
>>> print(d + relativedelta(weekday=FR))
2012-12-28 16:31:52.718111
>>>
>>> # Last Friday
>>> print(d + relativedelta(weekday=FR(-1)))
2012-12-21 16:31:52.718111
>>>