centos下nagios安装配置与监控方法

发布于 2015-03-24 23:59:07 | 456 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: PHPERZ

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Nagios Linux平台下网络监视工具

Nagios是一款开源的免费网络监视工具，能有效监控Windows、Linux和Unix的主机状态，交换机路由器等网络设置，打印机等。在系统或服务状态异常时发出邮件或短信报警第一时间通知网站运维人员，在状态恢复后发出正常的邮件或短信通知。

Nagios简介

Nagios安装

通过rz或sftp命令将CentOS-Base.repo.oldboy上传到linux上

/bin/cp CentOS-Base.repo.oldboy /etc/yum.repos.d

mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.save

/bin/cp CentOS-Base.repo.oldboy CentOS-Base.repo

这样yum安装源就配好了

解决perl编译问题:

echo 'export LC_ALL=C'>> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile #←使修改生效

关闭nagios server iptables防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

禁止自启动

chkconfig iptables off

解决时间同步

/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org

安装nagios需要的基础软件包

yum install gcc glibc glibc-common -y

yum install gd gd-devel -y

yum install httpd php -y

vi /etc/yum.conf

more /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

创建nagios需要的用户及组

/usr/sbin/useradd -m nagios

/usr/sbin/useradd apache -M -s /sbin/nologin

/usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd

/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios

/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd apache

上传软件包到指定目录或通过URL下载

mkdir -p /home/rhy/tools/nagios

cd /home/rhy/tools/nagios

rz -y #从本地上传oldboytraining_nagiossoft.zip

安装nagios软件包

cd /home/rhy/tools/nagios

unzip oldboytraining_nagiossoft.zip #←使用unzip解压

tar xzf nagios-3.2.0.tar.gz

cd nagios-3.2.0

./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd

make all

make install

make install-init

make install-config

make install-commandmode

安装nagios web配置文件及创建登陆用户

#安装nagios web配置文件

make install-webconf

cd ../

注:如果为单独的apache源代码编译，则操作如下

mkdir -p /etc/httpd/conf.d/

make install-webconf

cp /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/

假定apache安装路径/usr/local/apache2，以下同，不在提及。

编辑vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf 增加

Include conf/extra/nagios.conf

；如果为yum安装的httpd 上面几行绿色的不需要操作。

#创建nagios监控界面登入需要的用户名及密码

htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users oldboy

添加监控报警的接收email

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg +35

修改如下行：

email nagios@localhost

改为：

email hyran@126.com

保存，退出。

注意：此功能依赖本机的sendmail服务，可执行service sendmail start 开启。（
可稍后再启动）

配置apache服务

vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf +231

启动apache并加入系统自启动:

service httpd start

chkconfig httpd on

检查apache port：

netstat -lntup|grep 80

tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN

安装nagios插件软件包

tar zxzf nagios-plugins-1.4.13.tar.gz

cd nagios-plugins-1.4.13

./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-perl-modules

make

make install

cd ..

#此编译如遇到make: *** [all] Error 2 则configure加--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql解决

检查插件个数：

ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc -l

添加到系统开机自启动

chkconfig --add nagios

chkconfig nagios on

验证nagios配置文件（检查语法）

/etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig #←用此方法检查需要需要做下特殊处理详见附录九

[root@linux training_soft]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

Running configuration check... OK.

不显示错误用

vim /etc/init.d/nagios +178

把>后面的删掉即可

Total Warnings: 0

Total Errors: 0

Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check

启动nagios

service nagios start或/etc/init.d/nagios start

出现问题

[root@linux ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios start

Starting nagios:su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/nagios: No such file or directory

需要建立目录

#mkdir –p /home/nagios

检查进程：

[root@nagiosserver nagios-plugins-1.4.13]# ps -ef|grep nagios

nagios 17686 1 0 21:29 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

关闭服务器开启的SElinux

setenforce 0 #使之直接生效，

然后编辑文件

vi /etc/selinux/config #修改SELINUX项为disabled

SELINUX=disabled #重起生效

或者

chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /usr/local/nagios/sbin/

chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t /usr/local/nagios/share/

打开网页输入虚拟机ip/nagios

安装nrpe

tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

cd nrpe-2.12

./configure

make all

make install-plugin

make install-daemon

make install-daemon-config

cd ..

Nagios客户端安装部分

nagios client端基础准备:

echo 'export LC_ALL=C'>> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile #←使修改生效

关闭nagios server iptables防火墙

/etc/init.d/iptables stop

禁止自启动

chkconfig iptables off

解决时间同步

/usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org

安装nagios 客户端插件

mkdir -p /home/rhy/tools/nagios

cd /home/rhy/tools/nagios

rz -y #←从本地上传oldboytraining_nagiossoft.zip 或自行下载nagios软件：

unzip oldboytraining_nagiossoft.zip

/usr/sbin/adduser nagios -M

tar zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.13.tar.gz

cd nagios-plugins-1.4.13

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --enable-perl-modules --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround

make

make install

cd ..

检查插件个数：

ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/|wc -l

#此编译如遇到make: *** [all] Error 2 则configure加--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql解决

#如果为red hat linux，可能会卡到如下位置：

configure: See http://nagiosplugins.org/faq/compile/configure_appears_to_hang if this next part takes a long time

checking for redhat spopen problem...

解决：

多等会就OK了。或增加编译参数 --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround重新编译

即：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --enable-perl-modules --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround

#安装nrpe

tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

cd nrpe-2.12

./configure

make all

make install-plugin

make install-daemon

##生成nrpe.cfg

make install-daemon-config

cd ..

#安装其它相关的插件

tar zxvf Params-Validate-0.91.tar.gz

cd Params-Validate-0.91

perl Makefile.PL

make

make install

cd ..

tar zxvf Class-Accessor-0.31.tar.gz

cd Class-Accessor-0.31

perl Makefile.PL

make

make install

cd ..

tar zxvf Config-Tiny-2.12.tar.gz

cd Config-Tiny-2.12

perl Makefile.PL

make

make install

cd ..

tar zxvf Math-Calc-Units-1.07.tar.gz

cd Math-Calc-Units-1.07

perl Makefile.PL

make

make install

cd ..

tar zxvf Regexp-Common-2010010201.tar.gz

cd Regexp-Common-2010010201

perl Makefile.PL

make

make install

cd ..

tar zxvf Nagios-Plugin-0.34.tar.gz

cd Nagios-Plugin-0.34

perl Makefile.PL

make

make install

cd ..

yum install sysstat -y

注*:上文提到的各种插件本文附带了一个大的软件包，用户也可自行去下载

配置开发的几个基础脚本插件

/bin/cp /home/rhy/tools/nagios/training_soft/check_memory.pl /usr/local/nagios/libexec

/bin/cp /home/rhy/tools/nagios/training_soft/check_iostat /usr/local/nagios/libexec #注意路径

chmod 755 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl

chmod 755 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat

dos2unix /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_memory.pl

dos2unix /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_iostat

配置nrpe

#config nrpe.cfg cd /usr/local/nagios/etc

vi nrpe.cfg +79

加入可以监控该服务器的nagios server端的IP。

allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1, 172.16.1.196,172.16.1.190 ←主机的IP

shift+g到结尾

注释掉或者干脆删除199-203行即下面几行

#command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10

#command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20

#command[check_hda1]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1

#command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z

#command[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios//libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200

同时在下面新添加要监控的内容：

启动：nagios client

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d

echo "/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d" >> /etc/rc.local

ps -ef|grep nagios

nagios 28466 1 0 21:50 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d

注意：

1、#执行完启动命令，进行检查是个良好的习惯

2、tips:重起nagios nrpe组合命令

pkill nrpe && /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d

另外注意防火墙要允许5666端口加到/etc/sysconfig/iptables里，重起iptables.

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

-A INPUT -p udp --dport 5666 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -s 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0 -p tcp -m tcp -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -s 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0 -p udp -m udp -j ACCEPT

测试环境，建议最好先把iptables关掉，等nagios都测试通了在来调试iptables，否则给学习测试增加了复杂度。关闭命令/etc/init.d/iptables stop

配置 nagios 监控服务

以下为server 端的操作

nagios.cfg 基本配置

在 nagios.cfg 文件中找到cfg_file 的部分，进行如下设置：

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg +34

#包含配置目录，目录下所有cfg 文件将被包含,通过这种方式便于写脚本批量处理。

需要增加的仅为以下三行

cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ objects/commands

cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ objects/services

cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ objects/hosts

#注*：相关配置文件用途上面已列表格说明，在此不重复了

下面绿色的配置当前不需要添加但以后会经常编辑，因此说明下

# You can specify individual object config files as shown below:

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg

# Definitions for monitoring etiantian.org server and service

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/host.cfg

cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/service.cfg

#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/servicegroups.cfg

注意：需要注释掉如下localhost.cfg 行，否则和我们要配的会冲突原 36 行

# Definitions for monitoring the local (Linux) host

#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

生产库各配置文件实战配置例子写法

nagios 实战实例配置过程细节：

a.配置监控客户端服务器的磁盘分区、Load、Mem、Swap、磁盘io

首先需要在host.cfg 里添加客户端主机和主机组（HOST GROUP）

cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/ #←进入到辅助配置文件的目录

vi host.cfg #←默认情况下host.cfg 是不存在的，需要手工创建

define host {

use linux-server

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

alias 197-etiantian-1-1

address 172.16.1.197                    #←注意是改成客户端的IP

check_command check-host-alive

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 2

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 300

notification_period 24x7

notification_options d,u,r

contact_groups admins

process_perf_data 1

}

#######################################################

# HOST GROUP DEFINITION

#create by ryan (qq:49000448)

#######################################################

# Define an optional hostgroup for Linux machines

define hostgroup{

hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup

alias Linux Servers ; Long name of the group

members 197-etiantian-1-1

}

同理添加要监控的服务配置到service.cfg

vi service.cfg

define service {

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description Current Load

check_command check_nrpe!check_load

max_check_attempts 2

normal_check_interval 4

retry_check_interval 4

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 1440

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

process_perf_data 1

}

define service {

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description MEM Useage

check_command check_nrpe!check_mem

max_check_attempts 2

normal_check_interval 4

retry_check_interval 4

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 1440

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

process_perf_data 1

}

define service {

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description Swap Useage

check_command check_nrpe!check_swap

max_check_attempts 10

normal_check_interval 3

retry_check_interval 4

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 480

notification_period workhours

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

process_perf_data 1

}

define service {

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description Disk Partition

check_command check_nrpe!check_disk

max_check_attempts 8

normal_check_interval 3

retry_check_interval 2

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 360

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

process_perf_data 1

}

define service {

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description Disk Iostat

check_command check_nrpe!check_iostat!5!11

max_check_attempts 2

normal_check_interval 4

retry_check_interval 4

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 1440

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

process_perf_data 1

}

#注*:

1.以上service.cfg 中添加了对磁盘分区、Load、Mem、Swap、磁盘io 的监控

2.以上hots.cfg 及service 的内容的详细解释见附录八

若此时执行如下检查nagios 语法命令：

检查语法：

/etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

会发现报错：

Checking services...

Error: Service check command 'check_nrpe' specified in service 'Swap Useage' for host '197-etiantian-1-1' not

defined anywhere!

省略若干。。

Total Warnings: 0

Total Errors: 5

根据错误提示，我们可以知道，是check_nrpe 插件没有定义导致。

#注意没有出现

Total Warnings: 0

Total Errors: 5

而是出现的

[root@linux objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

Running configuration check...

Nagios Core 3.2.0

……………………….

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg'...

Processing object config file '/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg'...

Processing object config directory '/usr/local/nagios/etc/commands'...

Error: Could not open config directory '/usr/local/nagios/etc/commands' for reading.

………………………….

 CONFIG ERROR!  Check your Nagios configuration.

#配置文件没有改IP

需要在commands.cfg 中加入check_nrpe 的插件配置

#vi commands.cfg 进入后按shift+g 切到结尾加入下面内容。

# 'check_nrpe' command definition

define command{

command_name check_nrpe

command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$

}

此时重新执行检查语法命令：

检查语法：

/etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

Total Warnings: 0

Total Errors: 0

注*:修改配置不需要restart

打开网页会出现

It appears as though you do not have permission to view information for any of theservices you requested...

解决方法

[root@nagiosserver objects]#cd /usr/local/nagios/etc

[root@nagiosserver objects]#vi cgi.cfg +119

#把在1.6 节建立的用户oldboy 加到后面，注意用逗号隔开。

#default_user_name=oldboy

authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,oldboy

authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,oldboy

authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin,oldboy

authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,oldboy

authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,oldboy

authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,oldboy

authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,oldboy

记得reload nagios 命令为：/etc/init.d/nagios reload

增加从nagios 服务器端发起的监控：如url 地址，端口监控

1.添加要监控的服务配置到service.cfg

########check url

#check_weburl (http://blog.etiantian.org) 197-etiantian-1-1

define service{

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description blog_url

check_command check_weburl!-H blog.etiantian.org

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 1

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 30

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

}

#check_weburl(http://blog.etiantian.org/oldboy/) 197-etiantian-1-1

define service{

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description blog_oldboy_url

check_command check_weburl!-H blog.etiantian.org -u /oldboy/

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 1

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 30

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

}

#请注意看以上监控URL 的不同

# 如果你的机器没有blog.etiantian.org 的WEB 配置，可以直接用我的博客的公网地址

http://blog.etiantian.org/oldboy/，这样下面就不需要本地解析了。

检查语法：

/etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

会发现报错：

Checking services...

Error: Service check command 'check_weburl' specified in service 'blog_oldboy_url' for host '197-etiantian-1-1' not defined

anywhere!

Error: Service check command 'check_weburl' specified in service 'blog_url' for host '197-etiantian-1-1' not defined anywhere!

…省略若干…

Total Warnings: 0

Total Errors: 2

根据错误可以知道，是check_weburl 插件没有定义导致。

需要在commands.cfg 中加入check_weburl 的插件配置

# 'check_weburl' command definition

define command{

command_name check_weburl

command_line $USER1$/check_http $ARG1$ -w 10 -c 30

}

注意还要添加本地监控的插件：

# 'check_mem' command definition

define command{

command_name check_mem

command_line $USER1$/check_mem -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$

}

# 'check_load' command definition

define command{

command_name check_load

command_line $USER1$/check_load -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$

#command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$

}

# 'check_disk' command definition

define command{

command_name check_disk

command_line $USER1$/check_disk -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -p $ARG3$

}

注意：以上三个插件命令没加也是正常的，这点有空偶在细看看。

如果是测试，注意在nagios 服务器端的/etc/hosts 下加

192.168.1.106 blog.etiantian.org

192.168.1.107 www.etiantian.org

检查语法：

/etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig

Total Warnings: 0

Total Errors: 0

4########################################################

同理可以监控任意端口如：80,110,25,8080,873 都可以。

cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/

vi host.cfg

切到末尾加上

define service{

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description ssh_22

check_command check_tcp!22

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 1

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 30

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

}

define service{

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description http_80

check_command check_tcp!80

max_check_attempts 3

normal_check_interval 2

retry_check_interval 1

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 30

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

}

define service{

use generic-service

host_name 197-etiantian-1-1

service_description http_80_ssh_22

check_command check_tcp!80!22

max_check_attempts 5

normal_check_interval 3

retry_check_interval 3

check_period 24x7

notification_interval 20

notification_period 24x7

notification_options w,u,c,r

contact_groups admins

process_perf_data 1

}

centos下nagios安装配置与监控方法

Nagios Linux平台下网络监视工具

Nagios简介

Nagios安装

安装nagios软件包

安装nagios插件软件包

安装nrpe

Nagios客户端安装部分

#安装nrpe

配置nrpe

配置 nagios 监控服务

以下为server 端的操作

后端技术

前端技术

数据库

热门框架

常用IDE

其他